RESUMO
Throughout the ages, hair has had psychological and sociological importance in framing the personality and general appearance of an individual. Despite efforts to solve this problem, no groundbreaking measures have been proposed. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and associated proteoglycans have important functions in homeostatic maintenance and regenerative processes of the skin. However, little is known about the role of these molecules in the regulation of the hair follicle cycle. Three fractions (F1, F2 and F3) were obtained after separation and purification of GAGs from ascidian tunics. F1 was observed to contain a small amount of amino sugar while high contents of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine were noted in F2 and F3. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(ß-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose (∆Di-6S) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(ß-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose (∆Di-4S) were the main disaccharide components. F3 exhibited the highest proliferation activity on human follicle dermal papilla (HFDP) cells. In addition, mixed samples (FFM) of F2 and F3 at different concentrations showed peak activities for five days. After cell culture at a concentration of 10 mg/mL and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the inhibition effect was higher than that for Minoxidil. Application of 10 mg of FFM to the hair of mice for 28 days resulted in a hair growth effect similar to that of Minoxidil, a positive control.
RESUMO
Inflammatory factors are known to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis; therefore, it is a promising strategy to inhibit the inflammation for cancer prevention. The current study was performed to investigate the potential effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) extracted from ascidian tunic on the expression of inflammatory factors induced by treatment with 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of CS action in mouse skin inflammation. TPA was topically applied to the shaven backs of ICR mice with or without CS (1 or 2 mg) for 4 h. The results demonstrated that CS suppressed TPA-induced edema and reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and Akt signaling in mouse skin. These studies suggest that CS from ascidian tunic may be developed as an effective natural anti-inflammatory agent.
Assuntos
Sulfatos de Condroitina/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Regulação para Baixo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , NF-kappa B/genética , Ésteres de Forbol/farmacologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/genética , Animais , Carcinógenos/farmacologia , Extratos Celulares/farmacologia , Sulfatos de Condroitina/química , Sulfatos de Condroitina/isolamento & purificação , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Transdução de Sinais , Pele/metabolismo , Urocordados/química , Urocordados/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Inflammatory mediators are known to play a key role in tumorigenesis, therefore, it is a promising strategy to inhibit the inflammation for cancer prevention and/or treatment. Current study was performed to investigate the effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) extracted from Styela clava tunic on TNF-alpha-induced inflammation and to elucidate the mechanism of CS on the regulation of inflammatory factors in JB6 cells. Our results showed that CS inhibited TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and subsequent vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions by blocking Akt signals in JB6 cells. Our results suggest that CS may be developed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in the future.
