RESUMO
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevention emphasizes three aspects: not smoking, physical activity and a healthy diet. Recently, we screened the antithrombotic activity of a selected group of fruits and vegetables. Among them, tomato showed an important effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the platelet antiaggregatory activity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). For this, we obtained aqueous and methanolic tomato extracts and evaluated the effect of pH (2 and 10) and temperature (22, 60 and 100°C) on this activity. Furthermore, in order to isolate the antiaggregant principle, we separated tomato extracts into several fractions (A-D) by size exclusion chromatography. In addition, we evaluated the platelet antiaggregating activity ex vivo in Wistar rats. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of tomato treated at 22, 60 and 100°C and pH 2 and 10 still inhibited platelet aggregation (in vitro). Moreover, it was noted that one of the fractions (fraction C), from both aqueous and methanolic extracts, presented the highest activity (â¼70% inhibition of platelet aggregation) and concentration dependently inhibited platelet aggregation significantly compared with control (Pâ<â0.05). These fractions did not contain lycopene but presented two peaks of absorption, at 210 and 261ânm, compatible with the presence of nucleosides. In rats treated with tomato macerates, a mild platelet antiaggregating effect ex vivo was observed. Further studies are required to identify the molecules with platelet antiaggregating activity and antiplatelet mechanisms of action.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Animais , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Cromatografia em Gel , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Licopeno , Solanum lycopersicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease is the principle cause of death worldwide. Such disease can be prevented by controlling cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: The study involved 783 students aged between 18 and 26 years from the University of Talca (Region VII, Maule, Chile), which corresponds to 14.9% of all students. Their demographic characteristics, familial cardiovascular disease history, weight, height, arterial pressure, and waist diameter were recorded, and their lipid and blood glucose levels were measured. RESULTS: Overall, 12.8% of students had some degree of arterial hypertension, which was more severe in men than in women (P<.0001). In addition, 45.5% of the men and 24.3% of the women were overweight or obese. Some 39.8% of students admitted being smokers and 91.5% did not participate in any significant physical activity. Hypercholesterolemia (>or=200 mg/dL) was present in 20.2% of students and around 1.0% had the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors was found to be high in the study population. It may be necessary to carry out regular publicity campaigns that focus on improving lifestyle to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in young people in whom morbidity and mortality is still low.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Introducción y objetivos. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la primera causa de muerte en el mundo. Dichas enfermedades se pueden prevenir mediante el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos. Se estudió a 783 alumnos entre 18 a 26 años de edad de la Universidad de Talca (VII Región del Maule, Chile), lo que equivale al 14,9% del alumnado. Se registraron sus datos demográficos, los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad cardiovascular, el peso, la talla, la presión arterial y el diámetro de cintura, y se determinaron su perfil lipídico y su glucemia. Resultados. El 12,8% de los alumnos presentó algún grado de hipertensión arterial, que fue mayor en varones que en mujeres (p < 0,0001). El 45,5% de los varones y el 24,3% de las mujeres presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. El 39,8% de los estudiantes se reconoció fumador y el 91,5% no realizaba ninguna actividad física significativa. El 20,2% del alumnado presentó una colesterolemia de 200 mg/dl y alrededor del 1% de los alumnos presentó síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones. En la población estudiada se encontró una alta prevalencia de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Parece necesario establecer campañas focalizadas y periódicas que tengan como objetivo mejorar los estilos de vida (disminuir la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular) en jóvenes que aún no expresan morbimortalidad
Introduction and objectives. Cardiovascular disease is the principle cause of death worldwide. Such disease can be prevented by controlling cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. The study involved 783 students aged between 18 and 26 years from the University of Talca (Region VII, Maule, Chile), which corresponds to 14.9% of all students. Their demographic characteristics, familial cardiovascular disease history, weight, height, arterial pressure, and waist diameter were recorded, and their lipid and blood glucose levels were measured. Results. Overall, 12.8% of students had some degree of arterial hypertension, which was more severe in men than in women (P=200 mg/dL) was present in 20.2% of students and around 1.0% had the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions. The prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors was found to be high in the study population. It may be necessary to carry out regular publicity campaigns that focus on improving lifestyle to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in young people in whom morbidity and mortality is still low
