Complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered roughskin sculpin Trachidermus fasciatus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae).

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered roughskin sculpin, Trachidermus fasciatus, was first determined. The mitogenome (16,536 bp) consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region. Except for the eight tRNA and ND6 genes, all other mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. Mitochondrial DNA information can assist in species identification and conservation of the species' natural resources.

[Analysis of genetic diversity in wild populations of Trachidermus fasciatus by RAPD and the transformation of two SCAR markers].

Firstly, RAPD was conducted to analyze genetic diversity of Trachidermus fasciatus in the Fuchun River population (FR), Yellow River population (YR), Luan River population (LR), and Yalu River population (YL), with 32 polymorphic 10-bp random primers selected from 294 ones. Thirty wild individuals were detected in each population. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of T . fasciatus was relatively rich. The major results were as the following: 1) Altogether, 591 bands were detected and 515 of them were polymorphic, accounted for 87.14%. The range of proportion of polymorphic loci (P) was: FR(89.17%)>YR(87.99%)>YL(86.63%)>LR(83.25%). 2) The Shannon's information index(I(T)) and Nei's genetic diversity(H(T)) among populations were 0.3393-0.3566 and 0.2157-0.2279, respectively. Compare to other three populations, LR population had relative lower values. If took the populations as a whole, the total Nei's genetic diversity(H(T)) and Shannon's information index(I(T)) was 0.2336±0.1643 and 0.3710±0.2153, respectively. 3) The value of gene flow (N(m) ) (5.76103-19.84497) were high, indicating certain gene exchange existed among the four populations. But the AMOVA results exhibited significantly differentiation (P<0.05 or P<0.01) among the populations. 4) In the UPGMA tree constructed according to genetic distance, YL and YR populations clustered firstly, then with FR population, and finally they joined to LR population. Obviously, the YL, YR and FR populations had relatively close relationship according to their geographic distance, whereas LR population showed clear divergence to the other three populations. Secondly, out of the five special RAPD bands (S(1225)(525 bp), S(1225)(605 bp), S(1225)(841 bp), S(1345)(695 bp) and S(1345)(825 bp)), SCAR maker SCAR01(560 bp) and SCAR02(443 bp) were successfully transformed from S(1255)(605 bp) and S(1255)(841 bp), respectively. After large samples examination of the two markers, we found the highest frequency (96.67% and 93.33%) in the YL population, higher frequency (83.33% and 90%) in the FR population, high frequency (56.67% and 66.67%) in the YR population, and the lowest frequency (13.33% and 20 %) in the LR population. Therefore, SCAR01(560 bp) and SCAR02(443 bp) can be used as special molecular markers for the population identification between LR and other three populations.