RESUMO
A photo-induced indole 2-alkylation reaction was developed with unactivated stereo-congested alkenes used as the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reagent. The neutral, traceless and inexpensive perfluoroalkyl iodide C4 F9 I was used as the radical initiator in catalytic amount under irradiation by a blue LED light. Brønsted acids are inâ situ generated from the radical transfer reactions between the indole substrates and the perfluoroiodide catalyst. A variety of 2-branched alkylated indole molecules could be obtained from this approach in generally good efficiencies, with a broad scope of functional groups well tolerated. Mechanistic studies via both experimental and computational methods indicate that the reaction was accelerated by the protons generated from the crack of the indole-derived radical cation species.
RESUMO
An unprecedented inactivation process of the indanol-derived NHC catalysts bearing N-C6F5 groups is reported. An unexpected multi-cyclic complex product is obtained from the 3-component reaction with the 1-methylcyclopropyl-carbaldehyde, the 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone and the NHC catalyst. The absolute structure of the inactivation product is unambiguously assigned via X-ray analysis on its single crystals. The formation of the structurally complex product is rationalized through a multi-step cascade cyclization process.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of a home enteral nutritional support compared with a normal oral diet in postoperative subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. METHODS: A systematic literature search up to December 2021 was done and 23 studies included 3,010 subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection at the start of the study; 1,556 of them were given home enteral nutritional support and 1,454 were normal oral diet. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs to evaluate the influence of home enteral nutritional support compared with a normal oral diet in postoperative subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection by the dichotomous or continuous methods with a random or fixed-influence model. RESULTS: Home enteral nutritional support had significantly higher quality of life (MD, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.50-2.67, p < 0.001), better body weight change (MD, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.31-2.43, p < 0.001), higher albumin (MD, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.72-1.82, p < 0.001), and higher pre-albumin (MD, 30.79; 95% CI, 7.29-54.29, p = 0.01) compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. However, home enteral nutritional support had no significant impact on the hemoglobin (MD, 4.64; 95% CI, -4.17 to 13.46, p = 0.30), and complications (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.76-1.40, p = 0.83) compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. CONCLUSIONS: Home enteral nutritional support had a significantly higher quality of life, better body weight change, higher albumin, and higher pre-albumin, and had no significant impact on the hemoglobin and complications compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. Further studies are required.
RESUMO
An acid-catalyzed 2-alkylation of indole molecules is developed. Only catalytic amount of the commercially available, inexpensive and traceless HI is used as the sole reaction promoter. 2,3-Disubstituted indole molecules bearing congested tertiary carbon centers are afforded as the final products in moderate to excellent yields.
RESUMO
In order to establish a more perfect evaluation system for dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma, determine the main dry parts of Atractylodis Rhizomaï¼and further define the mechanism of stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma in reducing the dryness. The healthy rats were given with different doses of water extract and volatile oil of raw Atractylodis Rhizoma and stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma for 21 days. Based on the theory of the dry-dry and dryness-induced Yin deficiency, the amount of drinking water, tissue morphology of submandibular glands, urine volume and the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in the kidneys, as well as blood rheology, ratio of cAMP/cGMP in serum and the content of Naâº-Kâº-ATP enzyme were selected as the evaluation indexes. The results indicated that the rats with high dose volatile oil from raw Atractylodis Rhizoma had a significant increase in the amount of drinking water, urine volume, blood viscosity, ratio of cAMP/cGMP and content of Naâº-Kâº-ATP enzyme in the serumï¼P<0.05ï¼as compared with the soybean oil group; meanwhile, atrophy of submandibular acinar gland was obviousï¼and the expression of aquaporin 2 was reduced significantlyï¼P<0.05ï¼. There were significant differences between volatile oil high dose group of raw Atractylodis Rhizoma and volatile oil high dose group of stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma. There was no significant difference between the water extract groups of raw and stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma and the saline group. A comprehensive evaluation system for the dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma was established. It was confirmed that the volatile oil part was the main dry part of Atractylodis Rhizoma. It revealed that the mechanism of dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma was not only related to the decrease of the total content of the volatile oil, but also may be related to the transformation of dryness components in the volatile oil. It provides references for the study of material basis of Atractylodis Rhizoma dryness, provides an experimental basis for the clinical application of Atractylodis Rhizoma, further clarifies the mechanism of stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma in reducing the dryness, and provides thoughts for the evaluation of other dry traditional Chinese medicines.
