The complete mitogenome of Anaplectoides virens (Butler, 1878) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and phylogenetic analysis.

Anaplectoides virens (Noctuoidea: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous herbivorous moth, which feeds on a wide variety of crops. Molecular phylogenetic studies of this species are still limited. We presented the first complete mitochondrial genome of the genus Anaplectoides, which was assembled from data generated using a genome skimming method. The assembled mitogenome is 15,358 bp in length and consists of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a control region. Except for the start codon of cox1 with CGA, other coding genes use ATN as the start codon. Most PCGs use TAA as the stop codon; however, cox1, cox2, and nad4 use T as the termination codon. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genera of ((Agrotis + Striacosta) + Anaplectoides) within Noctuinae formed a monophyletic group. Among Noctuidae, the relationship of ((Noctuinae + Hadninae) + Amphipyrinae) was also highly supported.

Five new species of the genus Hermonassa Walker, 1865 from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae).

Five new species of the genus Hermonassa Walker, 1865 (H.nigricanssp. nov., H.conusasp. nov., H.brunneocuprinasp. nov., H.albimaculasp. nov., and H.linzhiensis, sp. nov. are described from Autonomic Region Xizang, China (Tibet). Hermonassanigricanssp. nov. is distributed in Nepal and China, and the Himalayan species H.kalamantra Kovács, G. Ronkay & L. Ronkay, 2018 is reсorded for China for the first time. The occurrences of H.anthracina Boursin, 1967 in Nepal is questionable taking in the account the presence of two externally hardly distinguishable species, H.kalamantra and H.nigricanssp. nov. New collecting data for H.yixincheni Han & Li, 2007 and H.oleographa Hampson, 1911 in China are presented. Five species groups are reviewed, and three species groups are designated.

Letrasilta, a new genus for the Striatella cernyi Volynkin species-group with description of a new species from Xizang, China, and a replacement name for the genus group name Striatella Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini).

The name Striatochrista nom. n. is introduced as replacement for Striatella Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang, 2019. A new genus, Letrasilta S.-Y. Huang & Volynkin gen. n. is erected to include the Striatella cernyi species-group with the new species, L. ratnasambhava S.-Y. Huang, Volynkin & Yin sp. n. from Xizang, southwestern China designated as the type species. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new genus is found to be sister to the clade (Aberrasine + ((Indiania + Idopterum) + Striatochrista nom. n.)) but is distinguished from all the relevant genera by the unique genitalia features. Letrasilta cernyi (Volynkin, 2018) comb. n. is also reported from India for the first time. Adults and genitalia of the aforementioned taxa are illustrated. A checklist of the genus Striatochrista is also provided.

Vascularized Composite Iliac Flap Grafting for Trapezial Metastasectomy in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: A Case Report.

CASE: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases rarely occur in the trapezium. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with clear cell RCC metastasis to the trapezium. After tumor resection, bone and soft-tissue defects were reconstructed with a vascularized osseo-fascio-fat composite iliac flap. Four years later, sorafenib was administered to treat subsequent pulmonary and femoral metastases. CONCLUSION: At the 7-year follow-up, neither local recurrence nor additional metastatic sites were observed. The affected wrist could perform 50° of extension and 40° of flexion. The patient could use his right thumb in daily activities without pain.

On the identity of Conisania leuconephra Draudt, 1950 with a description of a new species from Xizang, China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae).

The identity of Conisania leuconephra (Draudt, 1950) from Yunnan (China) is revised. A new species Conisania sejilaensis sp. nov. is described from Xizang (China). The adults as well as the male and the female genitalia of the new and related species are illustrated.

Redescription of the genus Arcilasisa Walker with notes on its taxonomic placement (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae).

The poorly known monotypic noctuid genus Arcilasisa Walker, 1865 is redescribed. The hitherto unknown male and female genitalia of the type species of the genus, A. sobria Walker, 1865 are illustrated and diagnosed for the first time. The genus is placed in the Apamea Ochsenheimer, 1816 generic complex belonging to the subtribe Apameina Guene of the tribe Apameini Guene. The lectotype for the type species of the genus, Arcilasisa sobria Walker, 1865 is designated.

Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China, with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae).

New information of the genus Agalope Walker, 1854 from mainland China is presented. Three new species of the Agalope pica species-group are described: A. haoi S.-Y. Huang sp. n. from Weixi County, Yunnan, A. chayuensis S.-Y. Huang Pan sp. n. from Chayu County, Southeastern Xizang and A. owadai S.-Y. Huang sp. n. from Bomi and Jiali Counties, Southeastern and Eastern Xizang. The little-known Agalope aurelia Oberthr, 1923 and A. lucia Oberthr, 1923 were rediscovered, with the male of the latter reported for the first time. Based on the newly discovered male, Agalope lucia is found to be a close relative of A. dejeani, hence it is excluded from the A. pica species-group and transferred to the A. bieti species-group. A new species of the Agalope hyalina species-group is also described: A. jianqingi S.-Y. Huang sp. n. from Pianma, Western Yunnan. Adults and genitalia of the aforementioned and related taxa are illustrated. An updated checklist of the genus is also provided.

Ipsilateral distal third femoral shaft fracture and retrograde intramedullary fixation are not absolute contraindications to anterolateral thigh flap harvest: A case report.

Despite the advantages of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps, many surgeons are hesitant to choose a thigh with ipsilateral femoral fracture and internal fixation as the flap donor site. To cover the right mid-upper leg wound, a free ALT flap was harvested from the left thigh of a 55-year-old man who initially underwent closed retrograde intramedullary fixation for a left distal third femoral shaft fracture. The flap was based on a musculocutaneous perforator located in the mid-thigh, which was approximately 10 cm above the proximal fracture level. No adhesion or scar formation between the fascia and adipose tissue was noted when the flap was raised suprafascially, and the adipose tissue surrounding the trunk of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery was found to have mild edema. The patient regained good aesthetic outcomes and a complete range of active motion in both lower extremities. Based on current evidence of the vascular anatomy of the ALT flap in the literature and our experience, an ipsilateral thigh with distal third femoral shaft fracture and closed retrograde intramedullary fixation should not be considered an absolute contraindication to ALT flap harvesting.

Taxonomic review of the subgenus Tatsipolia Benedek, Behounek, Floriani & Saldaitis of the genus Dasypolia Guenée with descriptions of two new species from southern Xizang, China (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).

The subgenus Tatsipolia Benedek, Behounek, Floriani & Saldaitis, 2011 of the genus Dasypolia Guenée, 1852 is reviewed. Two new species, D. (T.) sejilaensissp. nov. and D. (T.) cerritulasp. nov. are described from the Linzhi (Nyingchi) Prefecture in southern Xizang, China. The adults and the male and female genitalia of all species in the subgenus are illustrated. Additionally, Dasypolia (Auropolia) carlotta Floriani, Benedek, Behounek & Saldaitis, 2011 is reported from Xizang for the first time.

Taxonomic review of the genus Ammathella Volynkin, 2019 with descriptions of three new species from southeastern Xizang, China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini).

A brief taxonomic review of the lithosiinid genus Ammathella Volynkin, 2019 is presented. Three new species of the genus Ammathella Volynkin, 2019 are described from Motuo County, southeast Xizang: A.longicornuta S.-Y. Huang, Yin & Volynkin, sp. nov., A.lhoba S.-Y. Huang, Yin & Volynkin, sp. nov., and A.monpa S.-Y. Huang, Yin & Volynkin, sp. nov. A key to the species of the genus is provided. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated.

Bombyciellalinzhiensis, a new species from southern Xizang, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae).

A new species of the genus Bombyciella Draudt, 1950, Bombyciellalinzhiensis sp. nov., is described from the Linzhi (Nyingchi) Prefecture in southern Xizang (China), following a diagnostic comparison with B.talpa Draudt, 1950 and B.antra Saldaitis, Benedek, Behounek & Stüning, 2014. The adults and the male genitalia of the new and related species are illustrated.

Three new species of Hygrodromicus/ Tronquet, 1981 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini) from China.

Three new species of the genus Hygrodromicus Tronquet, 1981 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini) from China are described and illustrated: H. carbonarius Cheng, Li Peng sp. n., H. danlangi Cheng, Li Peng sp. n. (Xizang), and H. shaanxiensis Cheng, Li Peng sp. n. (Shaanxi). The genus Hygrodromicus is recorded from China for the first time. A key and distribution map of the Chinese species of Hygrodromicus are provided.

A novel recessive mutation affecting DNAJB6a causes myofibrillar myopathy.

Mutations in the DNAJB6 gene have been identified as rare causes of myofibrillar myopathies. However, the underlying pathophysiologica mechanisms remain elusive. DNAJB6 has two known isoforms, including the nuclear isoform DNAJB6a and the cytoplasmic isoform DNAJB6b, which was thought to be the pathogenic isoform. Here, we report a novel recessive mutation c.695_699del (p. Val 232 Gly fs*7) in the DNAJB6 gene, associated with an apparently recessively inherited late onset distal myofibrillar myopathy in a Chinese family. Notably, the novel mutation localizes to exon 9 and uniquely encodes DNAJB6a. We further identified that this mutation decreases the mRNA and protein levels of DNAJB6a and results in an age-dependent recessive toxic effect on skeletal muscle in knock-in mice. Moreover, the mutant DNAJB6a showed a dose-dependent anti-aggregation effect on polyglutamine-containing proteins in vitro. Taking together, these findings reveal the pathogenic role of DNAJB6a insufficiency in myofibrillar myopathies and expand upon the molecular spectrum of DNAJB6 mutations.

Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of two-pore domain potassium channel TREK-1 alters depression-related behaviors and neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus in mice.

INTRODUCTION: The two-pore domain potassium channel TREK-1 is a member of background K+ channels that are thought to provide baseline regulation of membrane excitability. Recent studies have highlighted the putative role of TREK-1 in the action of antidepressants, and its antagonists might be potentially effective antidepressants. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of TREK-1 are not yet fully understood. METHODS: The expression of TREK-1 was examined in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) using immunoblotting. Neuron-specific genetic manipulation of TREK-1 was performed through adeno-associated virus. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate depression-related behaviors. Electrophysiological recordings were used to evaluate synaptic plasticity. Golgi staining was used to examine neuroplasticity. RESULTS: TREK-1 expression was increased in the mouse hippocampus after CUMS. Knockdown of TREK-1 in hippocampal neurons significantly attenuated depressive-like behaviors and prevented the decrease of CUMS-induced synaptic proteins in mice. Further examination indicated that neuron-specific knockdown of TREK-1 in the hippocampus prevented stress-induced impairment of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the CA1 region. Moreover, chronic TREK-1 inhibition protected against CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors and impairment of synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a role for TREK-1 in the modulation of synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of depression. These findings will provide insight into the pathological mechanism of depression and further evidence for a novel target for antidepressant treatment.

Free Double-Barrel Vascularized Fibular Graft for Two-Bone Forearm Reconstruction After Tumor Resection: A Case Report.

CASE: Two-bone forearm reconstruction after tumor resection in pediatric patients is challenging. We present a case of forearm reconstruction in a girl who underwent resection of a high-grade surface osteosarcoma involving the ulna and radius. A free vascularized fibular graft was osteotomized to 2 struts to reconstruct the two-bone defect. The patient recovered well but returned for excision of ossification of the periosteum hinge occurring 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Neither recurrence nor metastasis was observed during the 5-year follow-up. Although there was a 50° loss of pronation and the left-vs.-right forearm discrepancy was 4 cm, she was able to resume her daily activities.

Nephrotoma Meigen (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China.

Eight species of the genus Nephrotoma were previously known to occur in Xizang Autonomous Region. Here, three species are added to the fauna of Xizang. Among them two species, N. beibengensis sp. nov. and N. hanae sp. nov. are described and illustrated as new to science, and one species, N. evittata Alexander, 1935 is recorded from Xizang for the first time. The following four species are redescribed: N. claviformis Yang & Yang, 1987, N. didyma Yang & Yang, 1987, N. nigrohalterata Edwards, 1928, and N. xizangensis Yang & Yang, 1987. A key to the species of Nephrotoma from Xizang is presented.

A new genus of sinogaleaspids (Galeaspida, stem-Gnathostomata) from the Silurian Period in Jiangxi, China.

Galeaspids are an endemic clade of jawless stem-gnathostomes known as ostracoderms. Their existence illuminates how specific characteristics developed in jawed vertebrates. Sinogaleaspids are of particular interest among the galeaspids but their monophyly is controversial because little is known about Sinogaleaspis xikengensis. Newly discovered sinogaleaspids from the Lower Silurian of Jiangxi, China provide a wealth of data and diagnostic features used to establish the new genus, Rumporostralis gen. nov., for Sinogaleaspis xikengensis. A morphological study showed that the sensory canal system of sinogaleaspids had mosaic features similar to those of three known galeaspids. There are 3-8 pairs of transverse canals in the Sinogaleaspidae, which suggests that the sensory canal system of galeaspid probably had a grid distribution with transverse canals arranged throughout the cephalic division. Phylogenetic analysis of Galeaspida supports the monophyly of the Sinogaleaspidae, consisting of Sinogaleaspis, Rumporostralis, and Anjiaspis. However, Shuyu and Meishanaspis form another monophyletic group, Shuyuidae fam. nov., which is outside all other eugaleaspidiforms. We propose a cladistically-based classification of Galeaspida based on our analysis.

Use of free sensate SCIA flap for reconstruction of distal limb defects of moderate size.

Recent attempts have been made to direct the sensory neurotisation of free superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) flaps. However, donor nerves enabling sensory recovery are limited. We report our findings in fifteen patients who underwent distal limb defect reconstruction using a sensate SCIA flap, including the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve (LCSN), between August 2017 and September 2018. The distance from the anterosuperior iliac spine to the point where the LCSN crossed the iliac crest ranged between 6.5 and 10 cm. The diameter ranged between 1.5 and 4.0 mm. The flap size ranged between 8 × 4 and 13 × 10 cm2. All of the flaps survived uneventfully. Tests of sensory modalities, including the Semmes-Weinstein (SW) touch, vibration, pinprick, temperature and static two-point discrimination (s2PD) tests were applied in nine regions of each flap post-operatively. One or more modalities were present in at least one region at 6 months post-operatively, and the recovery of vibration perception was more consistent than that of SW touch and pinprick perception. The recovery of s2PD was noted in 4 cases over a follow-up period of more than 12 months. A reliable sensate flap with the LCSN can be considered as an attractive option for the sensory reconstruction of distal limb defects of moderate size.