Instruction to forget leads [corrected] to emotional devaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate if the interaction between emotion and memory is bidirectional. Specifically we tested if intentional forgetting of words and faces would lead to their subsequent emotional devaluation. METHOD: In three experiments we combined an item-method directed forgetting paradigm with an emotional evaluation task. In addition, to test the general response bias hypothesis, we manipulated the forget instruction so that participants would associate a positive encoding affect with this condition. RESULTS: We found that intentionally forgotten words and faces were subsequently emotionally devaluated as compared with the to-be-remembered words and faces. Furthermore, this effect was replicated for words when we associated a positive instruction with the forget condition, which supports that the devaluation was memory specific. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the Distractor Devaluation effect previously reported in the attention field can be generalized to memory. This is one the first studies to show an influence of memory processes, namely forgetting, on emotion.

The impact of different fluence rates on pain and clinical outcome in patients with actinic keratoses treated with photodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Literature data suggest that lower fluence rates are preferable in terms of clinical response and tolerability for treating patients with actinic keratoses (AKs). We aimed to clarify the impact of different fluence rates on pain during photodynamic therapy (PDT) for AKs, as well as on treatment outcome. METHODS: Individuals with at least three discrete AKs were recruited. Each lesion was randomly allocated to 25, 50 or 75 mW/cm2 of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) PDT, using non-coherent light source. Primary end point was pain during illumination, evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary end points were clinical outcome and adverse events. RESULTS: Fifty adults, with 150 AKs lesions were recruited in the study. Mean VAS score did not significantly differ between the groups of 25 and 50 mW/cm2 (P=0.714). However, mean VAS was significantly higher at the group of 75 mW/cm2 in comparison to the former ones (P=0.000). With respect to the clinical outcome and adverse events during the first year of follow-up, no differences were observed between the three groups. Comparison between the 25 and the 50 mW/cm2 (P=0.749), as well as between the former and the 75 mW/cm2, did not show a dependence of complete response rate on fluence (P=0.749 and P=1.000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: According to our observations a fluence rate between 25 and 50 mW/cm2 is effective and better tolerated by patients treated with topical 5-ALA PDT for AKs.

Multiple nevoid hypertrichosis as an isolated developmental defect.

A 3-year-old girl presented with longer hair on the left side of her scalp, coarse hair of abnormal length on her extremities, and a tuft of hair in the lumbosacral region, with all hair distributed on normally pigmented skin. Neither similar or relevant family history nor associated extracutaneous abnormalities was detected after a thorough examination. Clinical diagnosis of patchy nevoid hypetrichosis was confirmed by histology. Nevoid hypertrichosis is a rare hair growth disorder that usually presents at or soon after birth. It is characterized by patches of hypertrichosis distributed in a segmental pattern. It may be accompanied by mental, ocular, or myoskeletal abnormalities. Cases of nevoid hypertrichosis with multiple patches presenting as a solitary developmental defect have been rarely described in the literature.

Medication history of a series of patients with bullous pemphigoid from northern Greece - observations and discussion.

BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease that mainly affects elderly patients. In this retrospective study, in a series of patients with BP, data on systemic medications were collected in order to investigate a possible association with active BP. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with BP were studied in two groups. Group A contained patients who were receiving systemic medications and group B contained patients receiving no medications. All sera were examined by immunoassay for the possible existence of anti-BP180NC16a and anti-BP230, prior to the initiation of steroid treatment. RESULTS: Patients were of a similar age in both groups (P = 0.07). Anti-BP180NC16a autoantibodies were detected in 80% of patients in group A and in 14% of patients in group B. Anti-BP230 autoantibodies were detected in 25% of patients in group A and in 50% of patients in group B. Levels of circulating anti-BP180NC16a autoantibodies were statistically significantly higher in group A than in group B (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who were receiving systemic medications seemed to be more susceptible to the development of BP. Should we consider drug exposure as one of the reasons for the increased prevalence of BP in the elderly? It is important to be more vigilant with this category of patients in order to provide an early diagnosis of the disease.

Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children living in Northern Greece 1996-2000.

In the 5-years period, 1996-2000, 1045 children under 13 years old were examined for suspected dermatomycosis. In 611 cases fungi were isolated. Male children were mainly affected on the scalp and body area. Girls were more affected in the location of the arms and legs. There was a greater proportion of cases in the age range 2-12 years. The most prominent fungus was Microsporum canis (515 cases) followed by Trichophyton rubrum (34) and Candida albicans (20). Tinea capitis (280 cases) mainly caused by M. canis (276 cases) was the most common clinical form. Tinea corporis (109 cases) mainly caused by M. canis (88 cases), C. albicans (10 cases) and T. rubrum (seven cases) was the second most frequent clinical form.

Coexistence of pityriasis versicolor and erythrasma.

We describe a 53-year-old woman with pityriasis versicolor together with erythrasma that was localized in the axillary and genitocrural region. The coexistence of these infections is rare and we propose the use of methylene blue stain for the diagnosis of both diseases.