RESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medications pose a threat to TB control in the future. As a result, a strong and effective system is required to overcome technological limitations and improve the efficacy of therapeutic medications, which is still a huge problem for pharmacological technology. Nanotechnology offers an interesting opportunity for accurate identification of mycobacterial strains and improved medication treatment possibilities for tuberculosis. Nano medicine in tuberculosis is an emerging research field that provides the possibility of efficient medication delivery using nanoparticles and a decrease in drug dosages and adverse effects to boost patient compliance with therapy and recovery. Due to their fascinating characteristics, this strategy is useful in overcoming the abnormalities associated with traditional therapy and leads to some optimization of the therapeutic impact. It also decreases the dosing frequency and eliminates the problem of low compliance. To develop modern diagnosis techniques, upgraded treatment, and possible prevention of tuberculosis, the nanoparticle-based tests have demonstrated considerable advances. The literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases only. This article examines the possibility of employing nanotechnology for TB diagnosis, nanotechnology-based medicine delivery systems, and prevention for the successful elimination of TB illnesses.
RESUMO
Epidemiological transition in India shows a shift in disease burden from youth to the elderly. As Life Expectancy increases, a greater burden is placed on the state, society, and families in India. Mental health disorders are insidious, debilitating Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) that afflict people, their families, and generations down the line. Globally, depression is the leading cause of mental health-related disability. It is estimated that mental illness contributes to 4.7% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in India. It is predicted that by 2026, the elderly's sex ratio will increase to 1,060 feminizing ageing. Research has shown that elderly women in developed countries like the United States are more prone to depression. Chronic morbidities are more common in women than in men, and they may suffer from poor vision, depression, impaired physical performance, and elder abuse. Mostly widowed, economically dependent, lacking proper food and clothing, fearing the future, and lacking proper care, they have difficulty coping with these health problems. There are surprisingly few studies on elderly female depression. Therefore, we want to hypothesize the prevalence of depression among women in different regions and demographic groups in India, and what factors may contribute to these differences. Using intersectional analysis with the data from Wave 1 (2017-2018) of the (Longitudinal Ageing Study in India) LASI (N = 16,737) we were able to explore the intersecting patterns between different variables and how people are positioned simultaneously and position themselves in different multiple categories based on the type of place of residence, age and level of education. Through the study we further aim to determine the prevalence of depression among elderly female in the age group of 60 in different states using the Chloropleth map. The findings of the study highlight the significance of the place of residence in the development of depression among elderly women, with the rural area being associated with a higher prevalence of depression compared to urban area. When compared to people with higher literacy, those with low literacy were significantly associated with depression. State-wise, there is a huge difference between the prevalence of elderly women depression in rural and urban areas. The study highlights the vulnerability of elderly women to depression. It is possible for the government to develop programs that address the needs of elderly women, both in urban and rural areas, to reduce depression. Multi-factor approaches to mental health, which consider age, literacy, and location, are essential. Programs targeting specific populations can be developed to address depression's root causes..
