Assessment of the risk of haemorrhage and its control following minor oral surgical procedures in patients on anti-platelet therapy: a prospective study.

Controversy exists concerning the suspension or maintenance of anti-platelet drugs before elective surgical procedures. We assessed the association of the risk of prolonged postoperative bleeding with anti-platelet therapy by type of minor surgical procedure and the association between anti-platelet therapy and the level of hemostatic measures required. Five hundred and forty-six patients were included in the study group: those on aspirin (n = 310), clopidogrel (n = 97), and aspirin + clopidogrel dual therapy (n = 139); the control group comprised 575 healthy individuals. Cramer's V test was significant (P < 0.05) but showed a weak association between anti-platelet therapy and prolonged immediate postoperative bleeding. Compared to controls, the odds ratio revealed that the risk of prolonged bleeding in the immediate postoperative period was significantly higher with dual therapy, followed by clopidogrel and aspirin. Prolonged bleeding occurred in 22 patients in the study group and 20 in the control group, and was successfully controlled with local hemostatic measures. Fisher's exact test showed a significant association between dual therapy and higher levels of hemostatic measures (P = 0.004; P = 0.035). Prolonged bleeding in patients on anti-platelet therapy was independent of the type of minor surgical procedure. The greatest risk of prolonged bleeding was found in patients on dual therapy; this required higher levels of hemostatic measures.

Kikuchi's disease mimicking lymphoma.

Kikuehi's disease or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is an uncommon cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinically it resembles tuberculosis or lymphoma. Although, this condition is well known to the pathologists, few ENT surgeons are aware of this entity.

Behavior and endocrine effects of 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine in male mice.

Effects of single doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of TMA given i.p. were noted in male albino mice after 40 min and 2 1/2 h. Locomotor activity was significantly altered and biochemical tests indicated stimulatory effects on adrenocortical and adrenomedullary functions due to TMA.

Gonadal effects of vasectomy and vasoligation.

During a 28-week study, vasectomy and vasoligation of immature male Wistar rats revealed that there was a significant decrease in urinary 17-ketosteroid in the vasectomized group at week 15; at week 28 there were significant decreases in the weights of the testes of the test groups, as compared to those receiving sham operations, with maximum alterations in the vasectomized rats. Small, soft discolored testes with cysts in the cauda epididymis and vas deferens regions occurred frequently in the test groups. The output of 17-ketosteroid in the urine and the findings in the testes indicate significant alterations in the morphology and function of the testes and suggest the need for caution and extensive investigations in man before recommending vasectomy as a simple, innocuous, "physiologic" means to ensure conception control.