Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Peri-Implant Bone Defects Exposed to a Peri-Implantitis Microcosm, with and without Bone Substitute, in a Rabbit Model: A Pilot Study.

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant connective tissue and a progressive loss of supporting bone; it is commonly associated with the presence of biofilms on the surface of the implant, which is an important factor in the development and progression of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using micro-CT, the bone regeneration of surgically created peri-implant defects exposed to a microcosm of peri-implantitis. Twenty-three adult New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. Bone defects of 7 mm diameter were created in both tibiae, and a cap-shaped titanium device was placed in the center, counter-implanted with a peri-implantitis microcosm. The bone defects received a bone substitute and/or a resorbable synthetic PLGA membrane, according to random distribution. Euthanasia was performed 15 and 30 days postoperatively. Micro-CT was performed on all samples to quantify bone regeneration parameters. Bone regeneration of critical defects occurred in all experimental groups, with a significantly greater increase in cases that received bone graft treatment (p < 0.0001), in all measured parameters, at 15 and 30 days. No significant differences were observed in the different bone neoformation parameters between the groups that did not receive bone grafts (p > 0.05). In this experimental model, the presence of peri-implantitis microcosms was not a determining factor in the bone volume parameter, both in the groups that received regenerative treatment and in those that did not.

Esmalte en terminología: concordancia y propuesta para terminologia anatomica, histologica y embryologica / Enamel in terminology: concordance and proposal for anatomical, histological and embryological terminology

El esmalte dental es una estructura considerada en Terminologia Anatomica, Histologica y Embryologica. Los términos incluidos relacionados a él presentan tres raíces asociadas: enamel, amelo y adamantino. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la etimología de estas raíces y presentar propuestas en latín y español que unifiquen las denominaciones relacionadas al esmalte dentario. En la búsqueda fueron utilizaron diccionarios médicos, terminológicos y etimológicos. Los resultados obtenidos señalan tres orígenes diferentes para cada raíz: adamantino es un término grecolatino relacionado a la extrema dureza de una estructura; enamel tiene un origen anglo-normando y antiguo alto germánico relacionado a la acción de fundir, derretir, y el aspecto estético que esto produce en un material; y amelo, el cual en sí mismo está relacionado a la botánica mientras que el término completo ameloblasto, fue acuñado por un académico estadounidense. Si bien la etimología de adamantino y enamel señalan características de firmeza y estética, respectivamente, en el desarrollo de la propuesta se decidió mantener el término latinizado enamelum y su adjetivo enameleus, eliminando las otras dos raíces relacionadas al esmalte dentario. Se realizó la propuesta para los cambios en los términos del idioma latín y su traducción al español, acorde a los requerimientos de la FIPAT para Terminologia Anatomica, Histologica y Embryologica, con el fin de unificar la denominación de los términos asociados y derivados del esmalte dental, para fines académicos y de investigación.

Dental enamel is a structure considered in Anatomical, Histological and Embryological Terminology. The included terms related to it have three associated roots: enamel, amelo and adamantino. The objective of this article is to analyze the etymology of these roots and present proposals in Latin and Spanish that unify the denominations related to tooth enamel. In the search, medical, terminological and etymological dictionaries were used. The results obtained indicate three different origins for each root: adamantine is a Greco-Roman term related to the extreme hardness of a structure; enamel has an Anglo-Norman and ancient high Germanic origin related to the action of melting, melting, and the aesthetic appearance that this produces in a material; and amelo, which in itself is related to botany while the full term ameloblast, was coined by an American academic. Although the etymology of adamantine and enamel indicate characteristics of firmness and aesthetics, respectively, in the development of the proposal it was decided to maintain the Latinized term enamelum and its adjective enameleus, eliminating the other two roots related to dental enamel. The proposal was made for changes in the terms of the Latin language and its translation into Spanish, according to the requirements of the FIPAT for Anatomical, Histological and Embryological Terminology, in order to unify the denomination of the associated terms and derivatives of dental enamel, for academic and research purposes.

Diastema: precisando terminologia anatomica / Diastema: specifying terminologia anatomica

RESUMEN: Diastema es un término latino de origen griego incorporado a Terminologia Anatomica bajo el código A05.1.03.078. Odontológicamente, es un espacio interdentario ubicado entre dientes adyacentes del arco dental, siendo su presencia considerada normal en el periodo de dentición mixta. Fueron consultados diccionarios de los idiomas español, griego y latín, de términos médicos y etimológicos, en búsqueda de las apariciones iniciales del término diastema y sus posteriores usos en la historia. La búsqueda reportó que Diastema ha sido utilizado para indicar una distancia o intervalo, referido a lugares, tiempos e incluso entre tonos musicales. En el área de las ciencias médicas, es un término que ha señalado la separación entre los dedos o el espacio virtual creado por la insuflación de los pulmones, siendo su mayor acercamiento a la morfología en el área veterinaria para designar el espacio que separa los dientes anteriores de posteriores, especialmente en roedores y rumiantes. Para ser consistentes con los lineamentos actuales de la Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology y los acuerdos terminológicos de los Simposios Ibero-Latinoamericanos de Terminologia Anatomica, Histologica y Embryologica, sugerimos el reemplazo del término Diastema por Spatium interdentale, como un avance en la precisión y descripción de la estructura incorporada a Terminologia Anatomica.

SUMMARY: Diastema is a latin term of greek origin incorporated into Terminologia Anatomica under the code A05.1.03.078. Odontologically, it is an interdental space located between teeth adjacent to the dental arch, its presence being normal in the period of mixed dentition. Dictionaries of the Spanish, Greek and Latin languages, of medical and etymological terms were consulted, in search of the initial occurrences of the term Diastema and its subsequent uses in history. The search reported that Diastema has been used to indicate a distance or interval, referring to places, times and even between musical tones. In the area of medical sciences, it is a term that has indicated the separation between the fingers or the virtual space created by insufflation of the lungs, being its closest approach to morphology in the veterinary area to designate the space that separates the incisors and molars tooth, especially in rodents and ruminants. To be consistent with the current guidelines of the International Federative Program of Anatomical Terminology and the terminological agreements of the Ibero-Latin American Symposia of Anatomical, Histological and Embryological Terminology, we suggest the replacement of the Diastema period with Spatium interdentale, as an advance in accuracy and description of the structure incorporated into Terminologia Anatomica.