Facile Synthesis of Carbon Nanobelts Decorated with Cu and Pd for Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia.

The electrocatalytic nitrate conversion of ammonia at ambient conditions provides not only a solution for restoring the imbalance in the global nitrogen cycle but also a sustainable alternative for the Haber-Bosch process. However, large-scale and efficient application of electrocatalytic denitrification has been limited by the lack of active catalysts with a high selectivity of nitrate reduction to N2. In this work, we present a one-step solution processed synthetic strategy at low temperature to prepare carbon-nanobelts-supported uniform Cu and Pd nanoclusters. It is found that Cu catalyzed the formation of carbon nanobelts. The prepared samples were used for the green synthesis of ammonia from nitrate by electrocatalysis. For the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), Cu-Pd/C nanobelts show higher activity than Cu/C nanobelts, achieving a high yield of ammonia of 220.8 µg mgcat-1 h-1 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 62.3% at -0.4 V vs RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), while for the nitrite reduction reaction (NO2RR), a high FE of 95% at -0.2 V vs RHE can be obtained for Cu/C nanobelts with the yield of ammonia increased with the negative shift of the applied potentials. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that Pd and Cu are responsible for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and NO3RR, respectively.

Single-cell map of diverse immune phenotypes in the acute myeloid leukemia microenvironment.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) microenvironment is essential for understanding mechanisms of evading immune surveillance and immunotherapy response of targeting special microenvironment components. METHODS: Using a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset, we analyzed the immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory of bone marrow (BM) samples from 16 AML patients and 4 healthy donors, but not AML blasts. RESULTS: We observed a significant difference between normal and AML BM immune cells. Here, we defined the diversity of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages in different AML patients. We also identified several unique immune cell types including T helper cell 17 (TH17)-like intermediate population, cytotoxic CD4+ T subset, T cell: erythrocyte complexes, activated regulatory T cells (Treg), and CD8+ memory-like subset. Emerging AML cells remodels the BM immune microenvironment powerfully, leads to immunosuppression by accumulating exhausted/dysfunctional immune effectors, expending immune-activated types, and promoting the formation of suppressive subsets. CONCLUSION: Our results provide a comprehensive AML BM immune cell census, which can help to select pinpoint targeted drug and predict efficacy of immunotherapy.

High-performance bioanode based on the composite of CNTs-immobilized mediator and silk film-immobilized glucose oxidase for glucose/O2 biofuel cells.

A high-performance bioanode based on the composite of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-immobilized mediator and silk film (SF)-immobilized glucose oxidase (GOD) was developed for glucose/O(2) biofuel cell (BFC). Ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (Fc) was used as the mediator and covalently immobilized on the ethylenediamine (EDA)-functionalized CNTs (CNTs-EDA). GOD was cross-linked on the SF with glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross-linking agent. The resulting electrode (CNTs-Fc/SF-GOD/glassy carbon (GC) electrode) exhibited good catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation and excellent stability. For the assembled glucose/O(2) BFC with the CNTs-Fc/SF-GOD/GC electrode as the bioanode and a commercial E-TEK Pt/C modified GC electrode as the cathode, the open circuit potential is 0.48 V and the maximum power density of 50.70 µW cm(-2) can be achieved at 0.15 V.

[Detection the serum IgM and IgG specific for TORCH in 1307 women in the period of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy].

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to obtain the information of women in the period of prepregnancy and pregnancy infected by TORCH (Toxoplasma, Rabella Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus) in Kunming for preventing fetus from infection by TORCH in uterus. METHODS: The serum IgM and IgG specific for TORCH from 1307 women in the period of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy were measured with ELISA and The reagent is the product of virion/serion. RESULTS: The serum IgM specific for TORCH were detected in 2.83% of 1307 pregnant women for Toxoplasma, 2.37% for Rebulla Virus, 0.46% for Cytomegalovirus, 2.45% for Herpes Simplex Virus. The total positive rate of serum IgM specific for TORCH was 1.45%. The serum IgG specific for TORCH were detected in 3.98% of 1307 pregnant women for Toxoplasma, 72.3% for Rebulla Virus, 97.78% for Cytomegalovirus, 80.34% for Herpes Simplex Virus. The total positive rate of serum IgG specific for TORCH was 63.60%. There was no significant difference among the women with different pregnant situation in terms of the serum IgM and IgG specific for TORCH. CONCLUSION: There are some of women in the period of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy with current infection by TORCH in Kunming. It is recommended to screen for infection by TORCH in women in the period of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy to prevent fetus from infection by TORCH in uterus.

Polymerized ionic liquid-wrapped carbon nanotubes: the promising composites for direct electrochemistry and biosensing of redox protein.

Polymerized ionic liquid-wrapped carbon nanotubes (PIL-CNTs) were firstly designed for direct electrochemistry and biosensing of redox proteins. The CNTs were coated successfully with polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) layer, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The PIL-CNTs were dispersed better in water and showed superior electrocatalysis toward O(2) and H(2)O(2) comparing to pristine CNTs and the mixture of IL monomer and CNTs. With glucose oxidase (GOD) as a protein model, the direct electrochemistry of the redox protein was investigated on the PIL-CNTs modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode and excellent direct electrochemical performance of GOD molecules was observed. The proposed biosensor (GOD/PIL-CNTs/GC electrode) displayed good analytical performance for glucose with linear response up to 6mM, response sensitivity of 0.853 microA mM(-1), good stability and selectivity.