Staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies: degree of sensitization and association with severity of asthma.

OBJECTIVE:: To determine the presence of staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies and degree of IgE-mediated sensitization, as well as whether or not those are associated with the severity of asthma in adult patients. METHODS:: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients with asthma under treatment at a tertiary care university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Consecutive patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of asthma based on the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria: mild asthma (MA), comprising patients with mild intermittent or persistent asthma; and moderate or severe asthma (MSA). We determined the serum levels of staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies, comparing the results and performing a statistical analysis. RESULTS:: The study included 142 patients: 72 in the MA group (median age = 46 years; 59 females) and 70 in the MSA group (median age = 56 years; 60 females). In the sample as a whole, 62 patients (43.7%) presented positive results for staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies: staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), in 29 (20.4%); SEB, in 35 (24.6%); SEC, in 33 (23.2%); and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), in 45 (31.7%). The mean serum levels of IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were 0.96 U/L, 1.09 U/L, 1.21 U/L, and 1.18 U/L, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the qualitative or quantitative results. CONCLUSIONS:: Serum IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were detected in 43.7% of the patients in our sample. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative results showed a statistically significant association with the clinical severity of asthma. OBJETIVO:: Determinar a presença de anticorpos IgE específicos para superantígenos estafilocócicos e o grau de sensibilização mediada por esses, assim como se esses estão associados à gravidade da asma em pacientes adultos. MÉTODOS:: Estudo transversal incluindo asmáticos adultos em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um hospital universitário terciário no Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Os pacientes foram alocados consecutivamente em dois grupos de gravidade da asma segundo critérios da Global Initiative for Asthma: asma leve (AL), com asmáticos leves intermitentes ou persistentes, e asma moderada ou grave (AMG). Foram determinados os níveis séricos de anticorpos IgE antitoxinas estafilocócicas, e os resultados foram comparados por análise estatística. RESULTADOS:: Foram incluídos 142 pacientes no estudo: 72 no grupo AL (mediana de idade = 46 anos; 59 do sexo feminino) e 70 do grupo AMG (mediana de idade = 56 anos; 60 do sexo feminino). Na amostra geral, 62 pacientes (43,7%) apresentaram resultados positivos para dosagens de anticorpos IgE antitoxinas estafilocócicas: enterotoxina (TX) A, em 29 (20,4%); TXB, em 35 (24,6%); TXC, em 33 (23,2%); e toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), em 45 (31,7%). As médias das dosagens séricas de anticorpos IgE específicos anti-TXA, TXB, TXC e TSST foram, respectivamente, de 0,96 U/l, 1,09 U/l, 1,21 U/l, e 1,18 U/l. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa dos resultados qualitativos ou quantitativos entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES:: A presença de anticorpos IgE séricos anti-TXA, TXB, TXC e TSST, foi detectada em 43,7% nessa amostra de pacientes, mas não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre seus resultados qualitativos ou quantitativos e gravidade clínica da asma.

Drugs or disease: evaluating salivary function in RA patients.

Oral complications of RA may include temporomandibular joint disorders, mucosa alterations and symptoms of dry mouth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary gland function of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) comparing it to healthy controls. Subjects with other systemic conditions known to affect salivary functions were excluded. A questionnaire was applied for the evaluation of xerostomia. Resting and chewing-stimulated salivary flow rates (SFR) were obtained under standard conditions. There were 145 subjects included of the study (104 RA and 38 controls). About 66.7% of the RA subjects and 2.4% in control group presented xerostomia. The median resting SFR were 0.24 ml/min for RA subjects and 0.40 mL/min for controls (p = 0.04). The median stimulated SFR were 1.31 mL/min for RA subjects and 1.52 ml/min for controls (p = 0.33). No significant differences were found between resting and stimulated SFR of RA subjects not using xerogenic medications and controls. There was significantly higher number of subjects presenting hyposalivation in the RA group than among controls, even when subjects using xerogenic medications were eliminated from the analysis. In conclusion, hyposalivation and xerostomia were more frequent among RA subjects not using xerogenic medication than among controls, although there were no significant differences in the median SFR between groups.

Staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies: degree of sensitization and association with severity of asthma / Anticorpos IgE específicos para superantígenos estafilocócicos: grau de sensibilização e associação com a gravidade da asma

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the presence of staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies and degree of IgE-mediated sensitization, as well as whether or not those are associated with the severity of asthma in adult patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients with asthma under treatment at a tertiary care university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Consecutive patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of asthma based on the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria: mild asthma (MA), comprising patients with mild intermittent or persistent asthma; and moderate or severe asthma (MSA). We determined the serum levels of staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies, comparing the results and performing a statistical analysis. Results: The study included 142 patients: 72 in the MA group (median age = 46 years; 59 females) and 70 in the MSA group (median age = 56 years; 60 females). In the sample as a whole, 62 patients (43.7%) presented positive results for staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies: staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), in 29 (20.4%); SEB, in 35 (24.6%); SEC, in 33 (23.2%); and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), in 45 (31.7%). The mean serum levels of IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were 0.96 U/L, 1.09 U/L, 1.21 U/L, and 1.18 U/L, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the qualitative or quantitative results. Conclusions: Serum IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were detected in 43.7% of the patients in our sample. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative results showed a statistically significant association with the clinical severity of asthma.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a presença de anticorpos IgE específicos para superantígenos estafilocócicos e o grau de sensibilização mediada por esses, assim como se esses estão associados à gravidade da asma em pacientes adultos. Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo asmáticos adultos em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um hospital universitário terciário no Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Os pacientes foram alocados consecutivamente em dois grupos de gravidade da asma segundo critérios da Global Initiative for Asthma: asma leve (AL), com asmáticos leves intermitentes ou persistentes, e asma moderada ou grave (AMG). Foram determinados os níveis séricos de anticorpos IgE antitoxinas estafilocócicas, e os resultados foram comparados por análise estatística. Resultados: Foram incluídos 142 pacientes no estudo: 72 no grupo AL (mediana de idade = 46 anos; 59 do sexo feminino) e 70 do grupo AMG (mediana de idade = 56 anos; 60 do sexo feminino). Na amostra geral, 62 pacientes (43,7%) apresentaram resultados positivos para dosagens de anticorpos IgE antitoxinas estafilocócicas: enterotoxina (TX) A, em 29 (20,4%); TXB, em 35 (24,6%); TXC, em 33 (23,2%); e toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), em 45 (31,7%). As médias das dosagens séricas de anticorpos IgE específicos anti-TXA, TXB, TXC e TSST foram, respectivamente, de 0,96 U/l, 1,09 U/l, 1,21 U/l, e 1,18 U/l. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa dos resultados qualitativos ou quantitativos entre os grupos. Conclusões: A presença de anticorpos IgE séricos anti-TXA, TXB, TXC e TSST, foi detectada em 43,7% nessa amostra de pacientes, mas não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre seus resultados qualitativos ou quantitativos e gravidade clínica da asma.

Drugs or disease: evaluating salivary function in RA patients

Abstract Oral complications of RA may include temporomandibular joint disorders, mucosa alterations and symptoms of dry mouth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary gland function of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) comparing it to healthy controls. Subjects with other systemic conditions known to affect salivary functions were excluded. A questionnaire was applied for the evaluation of xerostomia. Resting and chewing-stimulated salivary flow rates (SFR) were obtained under standard conditions. There were 145 subjects included of the study (104 RA and 38 controls). About 66.7% of the RA subjects and 2.4% in control group presented xerostomia. The median resting SFR were 0.24 ml/min for RA subjects and 0.40 mL/min for controls (p = 0.04). The median stimulated SFR were 1.31 mL/min for RA subjects and 1.52 ml/min for controls (p = 0.33). No significant differences were found between resting and stimulated SFR of RA subjects not using xerogenic medications and controls. There was significantly higher number of subjects presenting hyposalivation in the RA group than among controls, even when subjects using xerogenic medications were eliminated from the analysis. In conclusion, hyposalivation and xerostomia were more frequent among RA subjects not using xerogenic medication than among controls, although there were no significant differences in the median SFR between groups.

Avaliação colonoscópica em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante / Colonoscopic evaluation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Introdução: Pacientes com espondilite anquilosante podem apresentar-se com lesões inflamatórias intestinais, e, por isso, deve ser definido o uso da colonoscopia para tais pacientes. Objetivos: Avaliar as alterações colonoscópicas intestinais macroscópicas e achados histopatológicos microscópicos de pacientes com espondilite anquilosante; correlacionar os achados colonoscópicos e histopatológicos; e estudar a relação dos achados histopatológicos com as manifestações extra-articulares da doença, HLA-B27, BASFI and BASDAI. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal de 22 pacientes com espondilite anquilosante. Os pacientes passaram por uma avaliação clínica, BASDAI e BASFI, coleta de sangue para determinação de HLA-B27, e colonoscopia com biópsia de quarto segmentos intestinais (íleo terminal, cólon direito, cólon sigmoide e reto). Resultados: Resultados colonoscópicos anormais foram obtidos em 13 (59,1%) pacientes, e a principal anormalidade foi a presença de pólipos intestinais. Os grupos de resultados colonoscópicos normais e anormais (n = 9 e n = 13, respectivamente) foram homogêneos no que diz respeito à idade, BASFI, BASDAI, e variáveis categóricas, e o valor P não revelou diferença significativa entre grupos. Dos resultados histopatológicos, 81% tiveram uma biópsia anormal do íleo terminal, 90.9% tiveram uma biópsia anormal do cólon sigmoide, e a biópsia retal estava anormal em 86.4%. Os achados histopatológicos revelaram biópsias anormais em 81%, 90.9%, 90.9% e 86.4% para o íleo terminal, cólon direito, cólon sigmoide e reto, respectivamente. Os resultados histopatológicos não revelaram associação estatisticamente significativa com as manifestações ex...

Introduction: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis can have intestinal inflammatory lesions, thus the use of colonoscopy for such patients should be defined. Objectives: To assess the gross intestinal colonoscopic changes and microscopic histopathologic findings of patients with ankylosing spondylitis; to correlate the colonoscopic and histopathologic findings; and to study the relationship of the histopathologic findings with extra-articular manifestations of the disease, HLA-B27, BASFI and BASDAI. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 22 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The patients underwent clinical assessment, BASDAI and BASFI application, blood collection for HLA-B27 measurement, and colonoscopy with biopsy of four intestinal segments (terminal ileum, right and sigmoid colons, and rectum). Results: Abnormal colonoscopic results were obtained in 13 (59.1%) patients, the major abnormality being intestinal polyps. The groups of normal and abnormal colonoscopic results (n = 9 and n = 13, respectively) were homogeneous regarding age, BASFI, BASDAI, and categorical variables, and the P-value showed no significant difference between groups. The histopathological findings revealed abnormal biopsies in 81%, 90.9%, 90.9% and 86.4% for terminal ileum, right colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum, respectively. The histopathologic results showed no statistically significant association with the extra-articular manifestations, BASFI, BASDAI and HLA-B27 positivity. Conclusions: The histological analysis of the four intestinal segments evidenced inflammatory lesions in patients with normal and abnormal colonoscopic results, independently of bowel symptomatology and therapy used in the treatment of the basal disease. .

[Colonoscopic evaluation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. / Avaliação colonoscópica em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis can have intestinal inflammatory lesions, thus the use of colonoscopy for such patients should be defined. OBJECTIVES: To assess the gross intestinal colonoscopic changes and microscopic histopathologic findings of patients with ankylosing spondylitis; to correlate the colonoscopic and histopathologic findings; and to study the relationship of the histopathologic findings with extra-articular manifestations of the disease, HLA-B27, BASFI and BASDAI. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 22 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The patients underwent clinical assessment, BASDAI and BASFI application, blood collection for HLA-B27 measurement, and colonoscopy with biopsy of four intestinal segments (terminal ileum, right and sigmoid colons, and rectum). RESULTS: Abnormal colonoscopic results were obtained in 13 (59.1%) patients, the major abnormality being intestinal polyps. The groups of normal and abnormal colonoscopic results (n=9 and n=13, respectively) were homogeneous regarding age, BASFI, BASDAI, and categorical variables, and the P-value showed no significant difference between groups. The histopathological findings revealed abnormal biopsies in 81%, 90.9%, 90.9% and 86.4% for terminal ileum, right colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum, respectively. The histopathologic results showed no statistically significant association with the extra-articular manifestations, BASFI, BASDAI and HLA-B27 positivity. CONCLUSIONS: The histological analysis of the four intestinal segments evidenced inflammatory lesions in patients with normal and abnormal colonoscopic results, independently of bowel symptomatology and therapy used in the treatment of the basal disease.

Evaluation of endothelial function in patients with limited systemic sclerosis by use of brachial artery Doppler ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the brachial artery endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent dilating responses in patients with limited systemic sclerosis (LSSc) with those of healthy subjects of the same gender, age and color. METHODS: Twenty adult, non-obese, non-smoker, non-diabetic, non-dyslipidemic, and non-hypertensive women, who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of SSc, were submitted to right brachial artery Doppler ultrasound. The vasodilating responses were analyzed as follows: the endothelium-dependent dilating response, after a 5-minute ischemia in the right arm; and the endothelium-independent dilating response, after administering 300 mcg of nitroglycerin (NTG) sublingually. The results were compared with the response obtained in healthy subjects. RESULTS: Brachial artery longitudinal diameter was significantly low at baseline 1: 3.57 ± 0.52 mm and 3.93 ± 0.39 mm for the LSSc group and the control group, respectively, P = 0.005. The vascular reactivity after the ischemia/reactive hyperemia and the NTG showed no significant difference between the groups (8.60 ± 5.45 mm vs. 9.26 ± 5.91 mm and 25.01 ± 12.55 mm vs. 19.59 ± 7.94 mm for the LSSc and control groups, respectively). Also, no statistically significant difference was found between red blood cell velocity (RBCV) after reactive hyperemia and NTG (110.2 ± 43.86 cm/s vs. 102.0 ± 25.89 cm/s and 63.80 ± 17.69 cm/s vs. 65.4 ± 12.90 cm/s in the LSSc and control groups, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although the LSSc group showed lower brachial artery diameter, the endothelium-dependent and the endothelium-independent dilating responses were preserved in both groups.

Avaliação da função endotelial em pacientes com esclerose sistêmica limitada por meio do eco Doppler da artéria braquial / Evaluation of endothelial function in patients with limited systemic sclerosis by use of brachial artery Doppler ultrasound

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resposta dilatadora dependente e independente do endotélio em pacientes portadores de esclerose sistêmica limitada (ESL) com aquela de indivíduos sadios de mesmo gênero, idade e cor. MÉTODOS: Vinte mulheres adultas, não obesas, não tabagistas, não diabéticas, não dislipidêmicas, não hipertensas, que preencheram os critérios para esclerose sistêmica (ES) segundo o American College of Rheumatology, foram submetidas ao exame de Doppler de artéria braquial do membro superior direito. Foi analisada a resposta dilatadora, dependente do endotélio, após isquemia induzida com esfigmomanômetro por cinco minutos no braço direito, e a resposta dilatadora, independente do endotélio, após administração de 300 mcg de nitroglicerina (NTG) sublingual. Esses resultados foram comparados com a resposta obtida em indivíduos sadios. RESULTADOS: O diâmetro longitudinal da artéria braquial (DAB) foi significativamente menor na fase basal 1 nos pacientes com ESL (3,57 ± 0,52 mm e 3,93 ± 0,39 mm, respectivamente no grupo paciente (P) e grupo-controle (C), P = 0,005). Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a velocidade das hemácias (VH) após isquemia/hiperemia reativa (HR) e após NTG (110,2 ± 43,86 cm/s vs. 102,0 ± 25,89 cm/s e 63,80 ± 17,69 cm/s vs. 65,4 ± 12,90 cm/s nos grupos P e C, após HR e NTG, respectivamente). Também não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre o DAB após HR e após NTG (3,77 ± 0,59 mm vs. 4,14 ± 0,49 mm e 4,44 ± 0,64 mm vs. 4,70 ± 0,58 mm nos grupos P e C, após HR e NTG, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Embora o grupo de pacientes com ESL tenha apresentado menor DAB basal, a resposta dilatadora dependente e independente do endotélio se manteve preservada em ambos os grupos.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the brachial artery endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent dilating responses in patients with limited systemic sclerosis (LSSc) with those of healthy subjects of the same gender, age and color. METHODS: Twenty adult, non-obese, non-smoker, non-diabetic, non-dyslipidemic, and non-hypertensive women, who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of SSc, were submitted to right brachial artery Doppler ultrasound. The vasodilating responses were analyzed as follows: the endothelium-dependent dilating response, after a 5-minute ischemia in the right arm; and the endothelium-independent dilating response, after administering 300 mcg of nitroglycerin (NTG) sublingually. The results were compared with the response obtained in healthy subjects. RESULTS: Brachial artery longitudinal diameter was significantly low at baseline 1: 3.57 ± 0.52 mm and 3.93 ± 0.39 mm for the LSSc group and the control group, respectively, P = 0.005. The vascular reactivity after the ischemia/reactive hyperemia and the NTG showed no significant difference between the groups (8.60 ± 5.45 mm vs. 9.26 ± 5.91 mm and 25.01 ± 12.55 mm vs. 19.59 ± 7.94 mm for the LSSc and control groups, respectively). Also, no statistically significant difference was found between red blood cell velocity (RBCV) after reactive hyperemia and NTG (110.2 ± 43.86 cm/s vs. 102.0 ± 25.89 cm/s and 63.80 ± 17.69 cm/s vs. 65.4 ± 12.90 cm/s in the LSSc and control groups, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although the LSSc group showed lower brachial artery diameter, the endotheliumdependent and the endothelium-independent dilating responses were preserved in both groups.

Prevalence of autoantibodies in a group of hereditary angioedema patients.

Hereditary Angioedema is a dominantly inherited disease. Routine screening of autoantibodies (AAB) is not recommended for individuals with Hereditary Angioedema; however, prevalence of these antibodies in Hereditary Angioedema patients is not well documented. We aim to determine the prevalence of AAB so that individuals at risk of developing autoimmune diseases can be identified. Fifteen patients with Hereditary Angioedema attended at Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital accepted to participate in this study. Prevalence of AAB was 40%. Our data indicate high prevalence of AAB in patients with Hereditary Angioedema. Large-scale studies should be considered to determine the significance of these AAB in the follow-up care of patients with Hereditary Angioedema.

Influência do lúpus eritomatoso sistêmico sobre a gestaçao / The influence of systemic lupus erythematosus on pregnancy

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar se o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico interfere na evoluçao da gestaçao e na condiçao de concepto. Através de análise retrospectiva de 85 gestaçoes em 35 mulheres com lúpus, foram comparadas as gestaçoes que ocorreram antes e após a eclosao da doença. As gestações após o diagnóstico do lúpus tiveram evoluçao desfavorável, com maior prevalência de prematuridade (p=0,0071). Apenas nas pacientes com forma visceral do lúpus, a presença de doença em atividade agravou a evoluçao das gestaçoes (p=0,013). Nao foi identificado aumento de mortalidade fetal após a eclosao da doença (p=0,25)

Influência do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico sobre a gestaçåo / The influence of systemic lupus erythematosus on pregnancy

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar se oo lúpus eritematoso sistêmico interfere na evoluçåo da gestaçåo e na condiçåo do cencepto. Através de análise retrospectiva de 85 gestaçöes em 35 mulhheres com lúpus foram comparadas as gestaçöes que ocorreram antes e após a eclosåo da doença. As gestaçöes após o diagnóstico do lúpus tiveram evoluçåo desfavorável, com maior prevalência de prematuridade (p=0,0071). Apenas nas pacientes coom forma visceral do lúpus a presença da doença em atividade agravou a evoluçåo das gestaçöes (p=0,013). Nåo foi identificado aumento de mortalidade fetal apços a eclosåo da doença (p=0,25)

Influência do ciclo grávido-puerperal sobre o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Influence of pregnancy and puerperium on systemic lupus erythematosus

Objetivo: Estudar a influência da gravidez e do puerpério sobre o curso do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 72 gestaçoes em 35 pacientes que preenchiam quatro ou mais critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Foi realizada comparaçao entre o comportamento da doença na ocasiao da concepçao e durante a gravidez e o puerpério. O número crescente de gestaçoes foi relacionando às características dos surtos de atividade de doença. Resultados: A gestaçao e o puerpério nao provocaram reativaçao do lúpus (p = 0,067 e p = 0,45, respectivamente) e o número crescente de gestaçoes nao aumentou a frequência, duraçao ou gravidade dos surtos de atividade. Conclusoes: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o ciclo grávido-puerperal nao provocou reativaçao da doença e nao interferiu no curso clínico do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico a longo prazo

O acompanhamento da mulher com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico nos períodos pré-gestacional, pré-natal e puerperal / The follow-up of the sistemic lupus erythematosus female during the pre-gestacional,prenatal and puerperal periods

O objetivo deste artigi é esclarecer questöes polêmicas relacionadas à gestaçåo nas portadoras de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), facilitando assim seu acompanhamento. O LES é uma doença de etiologia desconhecida que desencadeia um processo auto-imunesistêmico, tendo maior prevalência em mulheres no período fértil; atualmente a sua evoluçåo prolongada pela melhora do prognóstico se deve ao avanço das técnicas diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Enfatizamos a importância de um critério para avaliaçåo da atividade do LES adaptado na gravidez, que é considerada de alto-risco. Além disso, relatamos o significado da identificaçåo das subpopulaçöes de pacientes com tendência a complicaçöes nos períodos gestacional e pós-natal, como as que apresentam a exacerbaçåo de doença, as portadoras de anticorpos, anti-fosfolipídeos circulantes e de anticorpos anti-Ro (SS-A), fazendo sugestöes quanto às condutas apropriadas para estes casos