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1.
Radiology ; 290(1): 179-186, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30375929

RESUMO

Purpose To compare dual-energy CT with iodine quantification to single-energy CT for evaluation of the spot sign for intracranial hematoma expansion. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 42 patients (mean age, 66 years ± 15 [standard deviation]; 19 women) were referred for dual-energy CT assessment of intracranial hemorrhage from October 2014 to January 2017. A machine learning approach (naive Bayes classifier) was used to identify iodine markers of extravasation for risk of hematoma expansion. Specificity and sensitivity of these markers were then independently validated in 65 new patients from February 2017 to February 2018. Results Analysis of dual-energy CT images identified two features of iodine extravasation: total iodine concentration within the hematoma (Ih) and focal iodine concentration in the brightest spot in the hematoma (Ibs) as predictors of expansion. The I2 score derived from these features provided a measure of expansion probability. Optimal classification threshold was an I2 score of 20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18, 23), leading to correct identification of 39 of 46 (85%; 95% CI: 71%, 94%) of the hematomas on the training set (sensitivity of 79% [11 of 14; 95% CI: 57%, 100%] and specificity of 88% [28 of 32; 95% CI: 76%, 99%]), and 62 of 70 (89%; 95% CI: 79%, 95%) of the hematomas on the validation set (sensitivity of 71% [10 of 14; 95% CI: 48%, 95%] and specificity of 93% [52 of 56; 95% CI: 86%, 100%]). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of conventional spot sign were, respectively, 57% (eight of 14), 90% (29 of 32), and 80% (37 of 46) on the training set and 57% (eight of 14), 83% (47 of 56), and 75% (53 of 70) on the validation set. Conclusion This study identified two quantitative markers of intracranial hemorrhage expansion at dual-energy CT of the brain. The I2 score derived from these markers highlights the utility of dual-energy CT measurements of iodine content for high sensitivity risk assessment. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.


Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Cancer Imaging ; 17(1): 7, 2017 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28209203

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Novel therapeutic agents recently introduced for the treatment of cancer have several unusual side effects. An increased incidence of renal cystic lesions, often with features concerning for malignancy or infection, has been reported in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) - rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with Crizotinib. Many of these lesions undergo spontaneous resolution despite developing complex features on imaging. We assess the incidence and patterns of evolution of Crizotinib Associated Renal Cysts [CARCs] at our institute and provide histopathology correlation of their benign nature. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of renal lesions in computerised tomography (CT) scans of 35 patients with advanced ALK-rearranged NSCLC who had been prescribed crizotinib at our institution was performed by three radiologists, who analysed the evolution of these lesions, particularly for pre-defined significant and complex changes. RESULTS: Of 26 patients eligible for this analysis, 4 (15%) had cysts at baseline that remained stable on crizotinib treatment while 11(42%) developed significant change in 28 renal cysts. Commonest pattern of cyst evolution was enlargement from baseline followed by spontaneous regression (17/28 lesions) while other patterns noted were stable lesions, regression from baseline and ongoing enlargement. The median maximum size reached was 23 mm (range 9 - 67 mm) after a median of 178 days (160 to 1342) on crizotinib. Complex change occurred in 12 cysts, in 7/26 (27%) patients and within 60 days of starting Crizotinib in 10 cysts. Imaging features were falsely concerning for malignancy or abscess in 4/26 patients. CONCLUSION: Most CARCs resolve spontaneously, or have a benign evolution despite enlargement and other features concerning for malignancy or infection on imaging. This unusual manifestation of chemotherapy should be recognised, particularly by radiologists, so that inappropriate treatment decisions are avoided.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Renais Císticas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Renais Císticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico , Crizotinibe , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Doenças Renais Císticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
3.
J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol ; 60(1): 92-5, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25974748

RESUMO

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare presentation of lymphoma or leukemic infiltration of cranial or peripheral nerves. It is distinct from subarachnoid seeding of lymphoma as well as perineural tumour seen in epidural lymphoma. This rare condition has been reported mainly in oncology literature. Imaging features of solitary nerve involvement mimics, among others, peripheral nerve sheath tumours. We present the MRI and (18) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18) FDG-PET) features of three cases of NL. MRI demonstrated variable appearances: infiltrative mass displacing neural fascicles, diffuse thickening and enhancement, and thickening of individual neural fascicles. (18) FDG-PET demonstrated avid uptake in all cases, two of which revealed skip lesions of the same nerve. The diagnosis of NL was confirmed by uncomplicated CT-guided biopsy of the affected sciatic nerve in one patient.


Assuntos
Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Doença de Marek/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imagem Multimodal , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos
4.
J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol ; 59(2): 188-94, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25597382

RESUMO

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has become an integral part of MRI. Knowledge of the basic principles of DWI and its pitfalls are imperative in the proper application of this technique. We illustrate potential pitfalls of DWI in oncologic imaging.


Assuntos
Artefatos , Erros de Diagnóstico/prevenção & controle , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Neoplasias/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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