Atherogenic lipid profile of Brazilian near-term newborns.

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in Brazil. Recent studies have shown that low birth weight and preterm birth are linked to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of lipids and apolipoproteins and atherogenic indexes between term and near-term newborn infants. A sample of umbilical cord blood was obtained from 135 newborns (66 males) divided into two groups: 25 near-term neonates (35-36.6 weeks of gestational age) and 110 term neonates (37-42 weeks of gestational age). The total cholesterol concentrations were higher in the near-term neonates than in the term group (94.04 +/- 8.02 vs 70.42 +/- 1.63 mg/dl, P < 0.01), due to an increase in the LDL-cholesterol fraction in the near-term group (57.76 +/- 6.39 vs 34.38 +/- 1.29 mg/dl, P < 0.001). The atherogenic indexes (total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I) were higher in the near-term group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.05, respectively). The gestational age of the newborns was inversely correlated with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and also with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol indexes. These findings demonstrate that the lipid profile is worse in the group of near-term neonates compared with the term group. Future studies are needed to determine if this atherogenic profile in near-term neonates can affect body metabolism, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases in adult life.

Atherogenic lipid profile of Brazilian near-term newborns

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in Brazil. Recent studies have shown that low birth weight and preterm birth are linked to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of lipids and apolipoproteins and atherogenic indexes between term and near-term newborn infants. A sample of umbilical cord blood was obtained from 135 newborns (66 males) divided into two groups: 25 near-term neonates (35-36.6 weeks of gestational age) and 110 term neonates (37-42 weeks of gestational age). The total cholesterol concentrations were higher in the near-term neonates than in the term group (94.04 ± 8.02 vs 70.42 ± 1.63 mg/dl, P < 0.01), due to an increase in the LDL-cholesterol fraction in the near-term group (57.76 ± 6.39 vs 34.38 ± 1.29 mg/dl, P < 0.001). The atherogenic indexes (total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I) were higher in the near-term group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.05, respectively). The gestational age of the newborns was inversely correlated with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and also with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol indexes. These findings demonstrate that the lipid profile is worse in the group of near-term neonates compared with the term group. Future studies are needed to determine if this atherogenic profile in near-term neonates can affect body metabolism, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases in adult life.

Inverse relationship between cord blood adiponectin concentrations and the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking is linked with several neonatal metabolic disorders. Adiponectin is an adipose-specific hormone with anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal smoking on cord blood adiponectin concentrations. METHODS: We evaluate the effect of maternal smoking on cord blood adiponectin concentrations comparing 14 full-term and seven preterm newborns born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy with 77 full-term and 10 preterm neonates born to non-smokers mothers. RESULTS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with decreased adiponectin levels of preterm newborns (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings also reveal a significant relationship between the reported number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and cord blood adiponectin concentrations (p = 0.01), suggesting that this association could have a causal relationship.

Does maternal smoking influence leptin levels in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns?

OBJECTIVES: Leptin, a hormone produced in adipose tissue and the placenta, is correlated with neonatal growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on cord blood leptin concentrations in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. METHODS: Two groups of term, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns were selected: 19 infants of smoking mothers and 91 infants of non-smoking mothers. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were taken and leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Leptin concentrations were similar (p=0.915) between the groups. Leptin levels correlated only with ponderal index (p < 0.01) and gestational age of the newborns (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that maternal smoking during pregnancy does not affect cord blood leptin levels in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants.