Developing an Inclusive Conceptual Model for Preventing Violence in the Home in Humanitarian Settings: Qualitative Findings From Myanmar and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

This qualitative study sought to explore the shared risk factors and social norms that may underpin the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, and violence against other marginalized household members in the home. Data are drawn from participants who completed either in-depth interviews (N = 51 men, N = 52 women participants) or focus groups (N = 22 men, N = 23 women participants) and were living in two distinct humanitarian settings: North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Northern Shan State and Southern Kachin State, Myanmar. Within this overarching objective, attention to these shared drivers for violence in the home, which may arise from people having multiple and interacting social identities, such as disability status, gender, and age, was explored through an inclusion lens and inductive coding approaches. Findings point to risk factors of violence in the home at all levels of the ecological model, which are underpinned at the macro level by gender inequality, armed conflict, and political instability, among other factors. With the community and family levels, gender inequality manifested in norms related to the acceptability of violence, family reputation, and aged and gendered power hierarchies within the home. Shared risk factors of violence at these levels also included displacement/migration-related stressors, inconsistent income, and lack of community resources to support families, especially for those with disabilities. At the most time-proximal level, interactions between role (non)fulfillment, inability of families to meet their basic needs, alcohol and substance abuse, and abusive expressions of anger were found to catalyze instances of violence in the home. The conceptual model also illuminates potential levers and inclusive entry points that prevent violence in the home for diverse women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Key attention to addressing gender inequality and acceptance of violence must be a cornerstone of sustainable programming, alongside complementary approaches that address other shared risk factors.

HSF1 mediated stress response of heavy metals.

The heat shock response (HSR) pathway is a highly conserved cellular stress response and mediated by its master regulator HSF1. Activation of the pathway results in the expression of chaperone proteins (heat shock proteins; HSP) to maintain protein homeostasis. One of the genes strongest upregulated upon stress is HSPA1A (HSP72). Heavy metals are highly toxic to living organisms and known as environmental contaminants, due to industrialisation. Furthermore, many of them are well-described inducers of the HSR pathway. Here we compare the effect of different heavy metals, concerning their potential to activate HSF1 with a sensitive artificial heat shock reporter cell line, consisting of heat shock elements (HSE). In general the responses of the artificial promoter to heavy metal stress were in good agreement with those of well-established HSF1 target genes, like HSPA1A. Nevertheless, differences were observable when effects of heat and heavy metal stress were compared. Whereas heat stress preferentially activated the HSE promoter, heavy metals more strongly induced the HSPA1A promoter. We therefore analysed the HSPA1A promoter in more detail, by isolating and mutating the HSEs. The results indicate that the importance of the individual binding sites for HSF1 is determined by their sequence similarity to the consensus sequence and their position relative to the transcription start site, but they were not differentially affected by heat or heavy metal stress. In contrast, we found that other parts of the HSPA1A promoter have different impact on the response under different stress conditions. In this work we provide deeper insights into the regulation of HSP72 expression as a well as a method to quantitatively and sensitively evaluate different stressor on their potential to activate HSF1.

Towards a Model of Psychological Well-Being*The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Satisfaction with Income in Chile / Hacia un modelo de Bienestar psicológico: el rol del nivel socioeconómico y satisfacción con el ingreso en Chile

Association between indexes of socioeconomic status, satisfaction with income and status, and psychological well-being (PWB) was examined in a representative sample of Chileans. Results confirm a positive association between socioeconomic status and satisfaction with income and status and PWB. Associations were stronger with PWB facets related to relational, control and self-esteem processes, and weaker with purpose of life, growth and autonomy. Structural equation modeling confirmed a direct significant coefficient of socioeconomic status on PWB, as well as an indirect significant path through satisfaction with income and status. Control for satisfaction with socioeconomic status and purchase power reduced but did not eliminate the effect of socioeconomic status on PWB. Results are consistent with a direct effect model of socio-structural position on well-being, but also with the relevance of satisfaction with social position as an appraisal process to indicate high psychological well-being.

Se estudió la asociación entre nivel socioeconómico, satisfacción con los ingresos, estatus económico, y el bienestar psicológico, en una muestra representativa de chilenos. Los resultados confirman una asociación positiva entre el nivel socioeconómico, la satisfacción con el ingreso, estatus económico y el bienestar psicológico. Las asociaciones fueron más fuertes con las dimensiones de bienestar psicológico, relaciones con el entorno, y autoestima, y más débil con las dimensiones de propósito con vida, crecimiento personal y autonomía. Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirmaron con indicadores de ajuste significativo la relación entre la situación socioeconómica y el bienestar psicológico, así como una trayectoria significativa indirecta a través de la satisfacción con los ingresos y el estatus económico. Al controlar el poder adquisitivo en su relación con satisfacción con el ingreso, redujo su efecto, pero no eliminó el efecto del nivel socioeconómico sobre el bienestar psicológico. Los resultados son consistentes con un modelo de efecto directo de la relación entre situación económica y bienestar. Se presenta la importancia de la satisfacción con el ingreso y el estatutos como predictores del bienestar psicológico.

Los Nabokov, una familia de sinestésicos / The Nabokovs, a family of synaesthetes

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Ataxia aguda en la población pediátrica de la Fundación Hospital de laMisericordia 2009-2013 / Acute Ataxia in the Pediatric Population of the Fundacion Hospital de la Misericordia 2009-2013

La ataxia aguda (AA) en la población pediátrica generalmente es secundaria a disfunción cerebelosade origen inmunológico. En urgencias, la rápida detección de patologías de menor frecuencia y mayorgravedad que requieren tratamiento específico es prioridad.Objetivos: Describir la etiología de la AA en los pacientes valorados por Neuropediatría en la FundaciónHospital la Misericordia entre los años 2009 y 2013.Métodos y Materiales: Estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas depacientes de 1 mes a 18 años con diagnóstico definitivo de AA. Análisis de datos mediante SPSS 21, medidasde tendencia central, Kaplan Meier y prueba de Log Rank.Resultados: Se recopilaron 48 casos, de los cuales el 91,67% fue de origen cerebeloso. El diagnóstico etiológicomás frecuente fue cerebelitis o romboencefalitis viral en 25%, seguido de intoxicación aguda y post infecciosa(20,5% cada una). En cuanto a pronóstico, el 60.4 % tuvo una recuperación completa, siendo esta más rápidaen la ataxia postinfecciosa, tóxica y post traumática.Discusión: La disfunción cerebelosa fue la causa más frecuente de ataxia, los diagnósticos etiológicos principalesfueron ataxia de origen infeccioso y post infeccioso, el antecedente de infección 1 a 30 días antes del iniciode los síntomas neurológicos fue positivo en 41.67 %, lo que sugiere un importante papel de la inmunidad.Conclusiones: La mayoría de las ataxias agudas son secundarias a disfunción cerebelosa infecciosa, inmunológicao tóxica; el pronóstico depende de la etiología y generalmente es benigno...

Relación entre la distancia interproximal de dientes adyacentes y el tipo de pérdida ósea / Relationship between the interproximal distance of adjacent teeth and the osseous loss type

La finalidad primordial de este estudio fue establecer una medida estándar que permita hallar la relación existente entre la distancia interproximal de dientes adyacentes y el tipo de péridida ósea a partir de la cual se pueda explicar uno de los posibles factores determinantes de la anatomía de la lesión periodontal que lleve a predecir su curso. A partir de esto establecer el pronóstico, lo cual lleva a determinar un plan de tratamiento por parte del odontólogo.