Management of Intrauterine Device Migrated into the Bladder: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Intrauterine device represents the most reversible method of contraceptive worldwide. Its insertion is a medical procedure not free from complication. We report a rare case of intravesical migration of a copper intrauterine device inserted 18 months earlier in a 28-year-old multiparous woman. The patient presented with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms, and she was managed endoscopically. This case underscores the role of cystoscopy in irritative lower urinary tract symptoms post IUD insertion.

GIANT BLADDER STONE IN A PATIENT WITH TUMOR OF THE BLADDER: A RARE CO-MORBIDITY.

Bladder stones are considered carcinogenic factor for bladder cancer. Concomitant association between giant bladder stone and bladder cancer is rare. We report a case of giant bladder stone complicated by bladder cancer. Bladder cancer was discovered fortuitously. This association of bladder growth necessitated biopsy of the bladder for histopathological study during cystolithotomy.

CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PROSTATE CANCER AT THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL YALGADO OUEDRAOGO, OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is not uncommon in Burkina Faso and presents late, often advanced at presentation as is the case in most countries of West Africa. AIM: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of prostate cancer at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso. PATIENTS & METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of patients treated at the Urology Department of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, Burkina Faso for prostate cancer from March 2012 to May 2013. The parameters studied were patients' demographics, clinical features, PSA, histological diagnosis, tumour grading, management and outcome. RESULTS: In this study, 82 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria within the 15 months period of the study. The mean age was 68.9 years (standard deviation: 9.52) with a range of 49-95 years. They presented with symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction in 57 (69.5%) patients, and irritative symptoms in 59 (72%) patients. At diagnosis 33 (40.2%) of patients had metastases and the most common metastatic sites were the spine in 18(21. 95%), the ribs in 6 (7.31%) and the pelvis in 5 (6.09%) patients. The mean PSA level was 746 ng/ml with a range of 13 - 9224ng /ml. Advanced T3 and T4 tumors accounted for 25.4% and 73.2% respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the only histological form. Gleason score was less than 7 in 41(49.4 %) cases. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was the treatment for 79 (96.34%) patients. In all, 51 (62.19%) patients received medical ADT while 20 (24.39%) patients underwent bilateral orchiectomy. One patient underwent radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSION: In this environment, prostate cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage with distant metastasis. It is therefore useful to develop effective screening policy for early detection and better outcome of management.

EXPERIENCE WITH MANAGING SOLID KIDNEY TUMOURS IN COTONOU, BENIN REPUBLIC.

BACKGROUND: Kidney cancer is the third most common urological tumour. Diagnosis is made in most cases at an advanced stage of the disease in our setting. AIM & OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to describe the management of solid tumors of the kidney and the outcome at the National University Hospital, Cotonou, Benin Republic, from January 2008 to December 2014. PATIENTS & METHODS: This is a retrospective, descriptive study conducted at the Clinic of Urology and Andrology at the National University Hospital CNHU-Hubert Koutoukou MAGA in Cotonou, Benin Republic. We included patients managed for solid kidney tumours from January 2008 to December 2014. The demographics, clinical presentations, management and outcome were recorded and the data obtained were analyzed using Epi info 3.2.2. RESULTS: Hospital frequency of solid renal mass was 1.9% with a mean age of 54 years and sex ratio of men to women of 1.6. Hematuria, back pain and lumbar mass were the most frequent clinical presentation found in 79.5% of cases. In all, 5% presented at an early stage while 95% presented at a late stage. Diagnosis was based on imaging; histopathological examination was requested in all the case though some could not afford the cost. Radical nephrectomy was performed in 51.5% of cases.The non- operated cases were those whose poor general condition as well as those who could not afford the procedure. Undifferentiated adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological type found in 78% of operated cases. No patients underwent other treatments such as radiation therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Mortality occured in 10 cases including 1 intra operative death, 3 patients died in the early post operative period due to respiratory distress and 7 patients died from metatstasis discovered post operatively. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that majority of patients with solid renal tumours in this environment present late with advanced stages of the disease. The absence of the necessary investigative equipment, poverty and absence of adjuvant and adjunct therapeutic facilities make the treatment outcome poor.