Ritmo circadiano y presión arterial en pacientes con monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial y su relación con el riesgo de evento cardiovascular / Circadian rhythm and blood pressure in patients with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and its relationship with the risk of cardiovascular events

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son el conjunto de afecciones que más muertes produce globalmente, siendo la hipertensión arterial uno de los principales factores de riesgo. En este sentido, la monitorización de la presión arterial ambulatoria (MAPA) permite detectar los diferentes cambios de presión arterial a lo largo de 24h, denominados patrones circadianos: dipper, no dipper,riser o dipper extremo. Existe una posible asociación entre los diferentes patrones y el riesgo cardiovascular. En este estudio se pretende comparar el riesgo cardiovascular usando las escalas validadas REGICOR y SCORE en los pacientes con diferentes patrones circadianos usando la MAPA. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes hipertensos con registro MAPA entre 2015 y 2021 en Alcázar de San Juan y Madridejos. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, antecedentes (hipertensión arterial, IMC, comorbilidades, hábitos de tabaquismo), analíticas, escalas REGICOR y SCORE, y ritmos circadianos. Resultados: Se han incluido un total de 269 pacientes (el 46,5% mujeres, 64,3±12,6 años), de los cuales un 38,3% presentaron patrón dipper, 10% dipper extremo, 33,1% no dipper y un 18,6% riser. Los pacientes con patrón riser tuvieron una puntuación significativamente mayor en las escalas REGICOR y SCORE (34 y 68%, respectivamente). Se observó una correlación significativa entre ambas escalas (rho Spearman: 0,589; p<0,001), aunque con baja concordancia (kappa de 0,348 [IC 95% 0,271-0,425]).Conclusión: La MAPA se ha convertido en una herramienta útil en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial. Adicionalmente, conocer los patrones circadianos de estos pacientes podría favorecer el seguimiento y la elección del tratamiento adecuado.(AU)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the group of diseases that cause most deaths worldwide, being arterial hypertension the modifiable risk factor that mostly predisposes to other cardiovascular diseases development. In this regard, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) lets to detect the different changes in blood pressure throughout 24h, known as circadian patterns (dipper, non-dipper, riser or extreme dipper). There may be an association between these patterns and cardiovascular risk, so this study aims to compare cardiovascular risk using the 2 validated scales REGICOR and SCORE in patients with different circadian patterns using ABMP. Material and methods: Retrospective study of hypertensive patients with ABMP registered between 2015 and 2021 in Alcázar de San Juan and Madridejos. Data were collected from clinical history (arterial hypertension, BMI, comorbidities, and smoking habits) and ABPM records, as well as sociodemographic and analytical variables, cardiovascular risk scales (REGICOR and SCORE) and circadian rhythm variables (dipper, extreme dipper, non-dipper and rise pattern). Results: Two hundred and sixty-nine patients (46.5% female, 64.3±12.6 years old) were included. There were 38.3% with dipper pattern, 10% extreme dipper, 33.1% non-dipper and 18.6% riser. Patients with riser pattern showed higher score on the REGICOR and SCORE scales (34 and 68%, respectively). A significant correlation was established between both scales (Spearman rho: 0.589; p<0.001), but with poor concordance (kappa=0.348 [95% CI 0.271–0.425]). Conclusion: ABMP has turned into a very useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. In addition, the circadian patterns of these patients may correlate to the choice of an adequate treatment and correct follow-up.(AU)

[Circadian rhythm and blood pressure in patients with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and its relationship with the risk of cardiovascular events]. / Ritmo circadiano y presión arterial en pacientes con monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial y su relación con el riesgo de evento cardiovascular.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are the group of diseases that cause most deaths worldwide, being arterial hypertension the modifiable risk factor that mostly predisposes to other cardiovascular diseases development. In this regard, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) lets to detect the different changes in blood pressure throughout 24h, known as circadian patterns (dipper, non-dipper, riser or extreme dipper). There may be an association between these patterns and cardiovascular risk, so this study aims to compare cardiovascular risk using the 2 validated scales REGICOR and SCORE in patients with different circadian patterns using ABMP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of hypertensive patients with ABMP registered between 2015 and 2021 in Alcázar de San Juan and Madridejos. Data were collected from clinical history (arterial hypertension, BMI, comorbidities, and smoking habits) and ABPM records, as well as sociodemographic and analytical variables, cardiovascular risk scales (REGICOR and SCORE) and circadian rhythm variables (dipper, extreme dipper, non-dipper and rise pattern). RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-nine patients (46.5% female, 64.3±12.6 years old) were included. There were 38.3% with dipper pattern, 10% extreme dipper, 33.1% non-dipper and 18.6% riser. Patients with riser pattern showed higher score on the REGICOR and SCORE scales (34 and 68%, respectively). A significant correlation was established between both scales (Spearman rho: 0.589; p<0.001), but with poor concordance (kappa=0.348 [95% CI 0.271-0.425]). CONCLUSION: ABMP has turned into a very useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. In addition, the circadian patterns of these patients may correlate to the choice of an adequate treatment and correct follow-up.

Utilidad de los biomarcadores para predecir meningitis bacterianas en los pacientes ancianos / Utility of biomarkers to predict bacterial meningitis in elderly patients

No disponible

Intervenciones para mejorar el manejo de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad desde el servicio de urgencias / Interventions to improve emergency-department management of community-acquired pneumonia

OBJETIVOS: Determinar el impacto de distintas intervenciones consistentes en la implantación de una guía de práctica clínica (GPC) en el proceso asistencial de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en un servicio de urgencias (SU), analizar y comparar las decisiones de manejo (alta o ingreso, adecuación y precocidad de la antibioterapia, solicitud de estudios complementarios), los resultados de evolución (tiempo de estabilización clínica, tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, reconsultas en el SU) y la mortalidad, antes y después de las intervenciones y a lo largo de 5 años. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo pre y postintervención realizado desdel 1 enero de 2008 al 31 julio de 2012 en cuatro fases (se evaluaron dos periodos pre-implantación y dos periodos post-implantación de las GPC). RESULTADOS: En los grupos tras la implantación de las GPC y al final del estudio se logró reducir el tiempo hasta la estabilización clínica (0,54 días, p < 0,001), la estancia hospitalaria (2,25 días, p < 0,001) y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria (de 20% a 4,3%, p < 0,001) y la global a los 30 días (de 15% a 5,5%, p = 0,003), con un aumento de la administración adecuada y precoz del antibiótico (p < 0,001) y una disminución del tiempo de tratamiento antibiótico total (2,25 días, p < 0,001) e intravenoso (1,96 días, p < 0,001). El uso del Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) y los biomarcadores ayudaron a mejorar la adecuación de la decisión alta o ingreso (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Tras cada implementación de una GPC con el uso del PSI y los biomarcadores se mejoró de forma significativa todo el proceso asistencial en urgencias de la NAC

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of emergency-department interventions based on clinical practice guidelines for treating community-acquired pneumonia by analyzing and comparing management decisions (discharge vs admission; adequacy and timing of antibiotic treatment; additional tests ordered), results over time (until patient's condition stabilized, duration of hospital stay, emergency department revisits), and mortality (before and after interventions and up to 5 years). METHODS: Prospective, pre and postintervention study of cases between January 1, 2008, and July 31, 2012, in 4 phases (2 periods before introduction of interventions and 2 periods afterwards). RESULTS: In the patient groups just after introduction of the guidelines-based interventions and at the end of the study, time until the patient was stabilized decreased (by 0.54 days, P<.001), and hospital stay was shorter (by 2.25 days, P < .001). Mortality also fell: in-hospital mortality decreased from 20% to 4.3% (P<.001), and 30-day mortality decreased from 15% to 5.5%, P=.003). Early, adequate use of antibiotics increased, and the total time on antibiotics decreased (by 2.25 days); time on intravenous antibiotics also decreased (by 1.96 days) (all comparisons, P<.001). The pneumonia severity index (PSI) and biomarkers were helpful for making decisions to admit or discharge patients (P<.001). CONCLUSION: After implementation of clinical practice guidelines and use of the PSI, the emergency care of patients with community-acquired pneumonia improved

[Information given to patients and their participation in clinical decision-making]. / La información al paciente y su participación en la toma de decisiones clínicas.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the information provided by physicians during consultations, the information requested by patients, and patients' participation in decision-making. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study based on observations of visits to the doctor's office and subsequent telephone interview. SETTING: Primary care centers in Toledo, Spain.Participants. 152 clinical interviews.Interventions. Questionnaire with items on age, sex, types of information provided by the physician, information requested by the patient, and evaluation of the patient's participation in decision-making and degree of satisfaction. MAIN MEASURES AND RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 41.1 years, and 55.9% were women. The type of information given most frequently to patients was related to treatment (88.3%). Of the 152 patients whose visits were observed, 55 (36.2%) did not request additional information. The information requested most frequently when not provided spontaneously by the physician concerned treatment (35.3%) and cause of the symptoms (29.7%). Almost all patients (94.0%) considered the information received to be sufficient. However, 22.7% stated that when they left the doctor's office there was something they wished they had asked about, and 18.6% said they understood the doctor's explanations "in part." According to the observers, 69.4% of the patients did not take part in the decision about their treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The information provided by the physician was not as complete as it might have been. Patients usually ask few questions, and a large percentage of patients had something they wished they had asked about, or did not fully understand the information. Patients' participation in decision-making was low.