[Viferon suppositoria in therapy of relapsing herpesvirus infection in women].

The therapeutic efficacy of Viferon, a recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rectal suppositoria) was studied in the therapy of relapsing herpesvirus infection in women. The clinical efficacy of the drug was recorded in 90% of the patients. The analysis of the remote results of the treatment made it possible to conclude that the Viferon suppositoria had an antirelapsing activity.

[Viferon ointment for prophylaxis of acute viral respiratory tract infection in children].

Three hundred and fifty children at the age of 3 months to 6 years under diverse social conditions were observed in dynamics for the periods of 1 to 3 years. The main tasks of the study were development of schemes and methods for prophylactic use of the Viferon ointment and estimation of its efficacy in acute viral respiratory tract infection. Season changes in the interferon genesis were revealed and no such dynamics in the children with frequent infections was shown. The ointment was applied according to the developed procedure intranasally in a daily dose of 1 g every day for the first 2 weeks and 3 times a week for the following 2-4 weeks. Interferon correctable and immunomodulating effects of the ointment were detected, the same as its favourable impact on the number of the acute respiratory tract infection cases including those under the conditions of the infant school adaptation. Its favourable effect was also observed in children with frequent infections during their immunorehabilitation. The most pronounced clinical and immunomodulating effects were revealed in young children.

[The interferon inducer neovir (kamedon) in the combined treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri of chlamydial etiology (a clinical electron-microscopic study)]. / Induktor interferona--neovir (kamedon) v kompleksnom lechenii khronicheskikh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii pridatkov matki khlamidiinoi étiologii (kliniko-élektronnomikroskopicheskoe issledovanie).

One of the major factors of nonspecific immunity i.e. the state of the host interferon system was studied with a purpose of its correction in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages of the chlamydial etiology. In all the female patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages of the chlamydial etiology there was observed a disorder in the function of the interferon system link: a decrease in the concentration of blood serum interferon and a lower capacity of the blood cells to produce alpha- and gamma-interferons. The findings were used as a theoretical ground for the inclusion of neovir, an inductor of alpha-interferon to the treatment of such patients. After the completion of the treatment course with the use of neovir the index of the serum interferon proved to be higher than the normal by 2.4 log2IU and the indices of alpha- and gamma-interferons were lower than the normal only by 0.1 and 1.3 log2IU respectively. Therefore, the mechanism of the neovir action included activation of the function of the interferon endogenic system. The morphometrical analysis of the number of the cytoplasmic granules of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the peripheral blood before, during and after the therapy with neovir and pefloxacin showed that neovir not only promoted restoration of the digestion function of the neutrophilic leukocytes but also markedly activated it which provided a success of the phagocytic attack.

[Synergistic action of recombinant preparations of gamma-interferon and tumor necrosis factor on the course of experimental staphylococcal infection]. / Sinergidnoe deistvie rekombinantnykh preparatov gamma-interferona i faktora nekorza opukholi na techenie éksperimental'noi stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

The action of recombinant gamma-interferon (rINF-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (rTNF-alpha) as well as that of their combinations was studied in a model of staphylococcal infection. It was observed that the use of rINF-gamma alone was not sufficient for the activation of the effector antibacterial function of macrophages with respect to staphylococci. At the same time it was shown that rTNF-alpha and rINF-gamma had a synergistic action on the process of the infection in mice evident from an increase in the pathogen elimination in the host. The use of the combination in the optimal doses increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages in the infected animals.

[Tumor necrosis factor in medicinal interferon preparations]. / Faktor nekroza opukholi v meditsinskikh preparatakh interferona.

In response to virus induction a culture of donor leukocytes alongside with interferon (IF-alpha) produced a factor of tumor necrosis (TNF). The kinetics of TNF and IF-alpha biosynthesis did not depend on the kind of IF used for priming, was rapid, with maximum production within 7-8 hours. Antibodies to IF-alpha and IF-alpha had no effect on TNF production, while antibody to TNF did not reduce IF-alpha yields. TNF in detectable titres was present in medical preparations of native IF-alpha but was absent in preparations of recombinant IF-alpha and IF-alpha as well as in an injection preparation of IF purified by chemical methods.

[The interferon system: inhibitors of interferon action]. / Sistema interferona: ingibitory deistviia interferona.

The review of the literature data and the authors' data on interferon action inhibitors being one of the components of interferon system is presented. The methods of the production of various types of interferon action inhibitors, their characteristics and the main differences between them are described. The possible mechanisms of inhibitors' actions are considered. It was shown that the study of interferon action inhibitors is important in both the theoretical and practical aspects.

[The results of clinical trials and the prospects of using the Soviet preparation of human recombinant interferon alpha-2 (reaferon) in medical practice]. / Rezul'taty klinicheskikh ispytanii i perspektivy primeneniia v meditsinskoi praktike otechestvennogo rekombinantnogo preparata chelovecheskogo interferona al'fa-2 (reaferona).

The results of the clinical trials of human recombinant interferon alpha-2 (reaferon) make it possible to come to the conclusion that the preparation is well-tolerated and produces a pronounced therapeutic effect in a number of viral and oncological diseases. The Pharmacological Committee of the USSR has recommended reaferon for use in acute hepatitis B, hairy cell leukemia, renal cancer at stage IV, disseminated sclerosis, ocular herpes. The use of reaferon has been found to be promising in the treatment of papillomatosis of the larynx, Kaposi's sarcoma, mycosis fungoides, chronic myeloleukemia.

[Recombinant human alfa2-interferon (reaferon) in ointment form in the treatment of various diseases of the skin and mucosa]. / Gennoinzhenernyi chelovecheskii interferon al'fa-2 (reaferon) v vide mazi pri lechenii nekotorykh zabolevanii kozhi i slizistykh obolochek.

Clinical trials of the gene engineered human alpha 2-interferon as ointment were performed. The ointment was used in the treatment of patients with relapsing herpes of various localization, relapsing aphthous stomatitis and pemphigus vulgaris. It was shown that the ointment was harmless and its therapeutic effect was favourable. The preparation is recommended for introduction into the practice of public health.

[Antiproliferative action of swine leukocyte interferon and of an inhibitor of interferon action]. / Antiproliferativnoe deistvie svinogo leikotsitarnogo interferona i ingibitora deistviia interferona.

The results of the study of the antiproliferative effect of swine leukocyte interferon and of an inhibitor of interferon effect in experimental mice with transplanted Krebs-2 ascitic carcinoma cells are presented. The interferon inhibitor exerted antiproliferative effect similar to that of native swine interferon. Combined use of swine interferon and interferon inhibitor did not lead to summation of the antiproliferative effect of these preparations.

[Experimental (preclinical) study of genetically engineered human interferon based on recombinant clones of E. coli 74 and Pseudomonas Sp VG-84]. / Eksperimental'noe (doklinicheskoe) izuchenie genno-inzhenernogo chelovecheskogo interferona, poluchennogo na osnove rekombinantnykh klonov E. coli 74 i Pseudomonas Sp VG-84.

The results of the experimental (preclinical) study of interferon alpha2 from Pseudomonas sp VG-84 obtained from the All-Union Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms in comparison with the preparations of interferon alpha2 from E. coli 74 and natural human interferon (obtained from the Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology) are presented. Interferon alpha2 from Pseudomonas, a highly purified preparation, has been shown to possess pronounced biological activity (antiviral and antiproliferative) in the culture of human cells. The medicinal form of the preparation has proved to be completely safe and areactive for animals, which makes it possible to recommend the preparation for testing on volunteers.

[Production of inhibitors of interferon action by cell lines sensitive and insensitive to the antiviral action of interferon]. / Produktsiia ingibitorov deistviia interferona kletochnymi liniiami, chuvstvitel'nymi i nechuvstvitel'nymi k protivovirusnomu deistviiu interferona.

The capacity of a number of human and murine cell cultures to produce, upon virus induction of interferon synthesis, low molecular admixtures inhibiting interferon antiviral activity was studied. The cells resistant to interferon were found to be 8-16 times as active producers of these admixtures as sensitive cells. A possible role of the production of these admixtures in functional, i. e. not depending upon the interferon receptor gene, fluctuations of interferon inducibility and sensitivity to it is discussed.

[Inactivation of the inductor virus (Newcastle disease virus) during the isolation of porcine leukocyte interferon]. / Inaktivatsiia virusa-induktora (virus bolezni N'iukasla) v protsesse polucheniia svinogo leikotsitarnogo interferona.

The use of the routine method for inactivation of the inductor virus by acidification of interferon to pH 2.0 resulted in a significant decrease in the antiviral activity of pig leukocytic interferon, since the preparation was highly sensitive to changes in the pH values. The use of 0.1 per cent solution of formalin provided complete inactivation of the virus. The antiviral activity of interferon treated with formalin was on an average 5 times higher than that of the preparation incubated at pH 2.5-2.6. Precipitation of pig interferon with polyethylene glycol promoted both increasing of the titers of the antiviral activity of the preparation and elimination of the formalin residues from it. Interferon prepared with this procedure was not toxic in tissue cultures, had no side effects when applied to the eye mucosa and was absolutely harmless when administered to animals. It was shown that inactivation of the inductor virus with formalin was in principle possible in human leukocytic interferon.

[Clinical study of the therapeutic effectiveness of an ointment consisting of swine leukocytic interferon]. / Klinicheskoe izuchenie lechebnoi éffektivnosti mazi, soderzhashchei svinoi leikotsitarnyi interferon.

The ointment containing pig leukocytic interferon had a pronounced therapeutic effect in herpetic affections of the face skin and genitalia. It prevented eruption, shortened the period of its healing and eliminated subjective sensations. The therapeutic effect was observed in 265 (87.7 per cent) out of 302 patients with recurring Herpes simplex treated with ointment.

[Inhibitor of the action of swine leukocyte interferon]. / Ingibitor deistviia svinogo leikotsitarnogo interferona.

Studies on the antagonists of interferon effect ("stimulon", "TAI", "blocker", "antiinterferon") formed under the influence of viruses and mitogens as well as those found in noninfected tissues deal largely with their blocking effect on the antiviral activity of interferon. Previously we had found an inhibitor of antiviral effect in preparations of human cadaverous and swine leukocyte interferons. This paper presents the results of studies on some physico-chemical properties of an inhibitor of the effect of swine leukocyte interferon and its antiproliferative activity. The inhibitor is resistant to the effect of nucleases and lyophilization, manifests limited heterospecificity towards interferons and cell cultures, has marked antiproliferative activity in different cell cultures including those of tumor origin.

[Concentration of heterogeneous leukocyte interferon]. / Kontsentrirovanie geterogennogo leikotsitarnogo interferona.

A comparative study of different methods for concentration of porcine leukocyte interferon active in human cells was carried out. Ultrafiltration in an apparatus TCF-10 was found to be the most effective method of concentration by which preparations of porcine interferon showing antiviral activity up to 1 X 10(6) IU/ml were obtained. The total antiviral activity of concentrated interferon was twice as high as that of the native preparation. This increase of the total initial activity is due to the removal in the process of concentration of an inhibitor of antiviral activity which was isolated and concentrated. The concentrated preparation of porcine leukocyte interferon is now undergoing trials in veterinary and medicine.

[Trial of the safety, reactivity and therapeutic effectiveness of an ointment containing swine leukocytic interferon]. / Ispytanie bezvrednosti, reaktogennosti i lechebnoi éffektivnosti mazi, soderzhashcheí svinoi leikotsitarnyi interferon.

An ointment containing porcine leucocytic interferon (PLI) with the use of lanolin as the base and addition of human serum albumin for stabilization of the antiviral activity and Tris-or Hepes-buffer solutions for stabilization of the medium pH value was studied. The trials on volunteers with herpetic affections of the face and genitalia showed absolute safety of the drug, its areactivity and sufficiently high therapeutic efficacy as compared to an ointment containing human leucocytic interferon. The positive effect was observed in 52 out of 78 patients. On the basis of these data the PLI may be recommended for further clinical trials.