Infrared Thermometry for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Mice.

Experiment on female ICR CD-1 mice showed that non-contact infrared thermometry can be used for short-term and medium-term prognosis of animal death during the development of acute radiation syndrome. In mice irradiated with X-rays in a dose of 7.25 Gy (LD100/30), the body temperature 1 and 5 days before death was below the normal limit (<36.4°C) in 90 and 50% cases, respectively. The decrease in body temperature closely correlated with a decrease in the mean body weight in irradiated animals (from 24 to 19 g).

Behavioral Responses and Immune and Cytogenetic Parameters of Food-Restricted Mice.

The experiments on mice showed that subchronic food restriction to 40 and 8% of unrestricted ration is a strong stressor inducing devastation of lymphoid organs, primarily the thymus and spleen. The mice in the group with severe food restriction (8% of normal ration) demonstrated increased front paw grip force. We also observed an increase in spontaneous motor activity in these animals correlated with food restriction. Food deprivation led to inhibition of proliferative activity of the bone marrow cells and suppression of erythropoiesis. Moreover, severe food restriction was accompanied by a decrease in the number of double-strand DNA breaks evaluated by the release of γH2AX+-cells and the ratio of polychromatophilic erythrocytes.

[Complex application of indralin and ferrocin for the combined exposure on the organism of external gamma-irradiation and incorporation of 137Cs].

The summary of the study is that when using both medicines indraline doesn't influence the effectiveness of pherrocine in preventing of 137Cs accumulation in the main depositing/pooling organs. The radiation protecting medicine indraline used more intensive accumulation of radio nuclides in liver and kidney then a control. Accumulation rapidity and amount of 137Cs in liver and kidney depends on the time period between taking indraline and inflow of cesium into organism of animals. For the case when animals being exposured by external gamma-irradiation and incorporation of 137Cs the introduction of indraline without pherrocine is not advisable.

[Study of effectiveness of long-term per oral and parenteral cincacine administration at parenteral 241Am incorporation into the organism].

Effect of long-term (during 4 weeks) cincacine administration following single parenteral 241Am intake has been studied on rats depending on method (per oral or parenteral), dosage and time of treatment initiation. Cincacine administration leads to limitation of radionuclide incorporation in the major organs of deposition for the both methods of introduction. At the parenteral 241Am intake in the organism parenteral cincacine administration was found to be more effective compared to per oral cincacine administration even in case of its dose increase by a factor of 6 and 12. At the parenteral introduction of the preparation, time of treatment beginning is more significant than at per oral administration.

[Combined prophylactic administration of riboxin and algisorbum at 239Pu intake into gastrointestinal tract of rats].

The present study is devoted to the investigation of effectiveness of combined prophylactic administration of riboxin and algisorbum at 239Pu per oral intake and possible mechanisms of their interaction, and also to comparative estimation of effectiveness of combined administration of the preparations at per oral and intra peritoneal methods of riboxin introduction. The experiments have been carried out on white nonlinear rats. Riboxin (per oral and intra peritoneal) and algisorbum (per oral) have been introduced to the rats both separately and combined before per oral 239Pu introduction. Data obtained as a result of the investigation showed that combined riboxin and algisorbum introduction into gastrointestinal tract before 239PU intake lead to greater decrease in the plutonium content in the organs of deposition than single algisorbum administration. Intra peritoneal riboxin introduction reduced effectiveness of per oral algisorbum administration in plutonium binding in GI tract. Efficiency of combined riboxin and algisorbum administration in the reduction of 239Pu accumulation in organs depends on the method of riboxin introduction and develops only at per oral introduction.

[Potency of peroral and parenteral administration of Zinc-DTPA for decorporation of 241Am from the gastrointestinal tract]. / Effektivnost' tsinkatsina pri peroral'nom i parenteral'nom putiakh vvedeniia v dekorporatsii 241Am, postupivshego v pishchevaritel'nyi tract.

An effect of cincacine at three doses (25, 150 and 300 mumol/kg) has been studied in rats receiving 241Am citrate intragastrically. The radionuclide was introduced every other day for 2 weeks. The total content was 925 kBq/kg. A cincacine administration leads to limitation of radionuclide accumulation in the major organs of deposition independent of the modes of intake. At gastrointestinal 241Am intake peroral cincacine administration is more effective in limiting this radionuclide accumulation in skeleton but less effective in reduction of its accumulation in liver compared to parenteral cincacine. No reliable dependence of cincacine efficacy on dosage has been revealed. A morphology study of organs has shown that cincacine ingestion at a dose of 150 mumol/kg for 4 weeks and at a dose of 300 mumol/kg for 2 weeks produces a toxic effect on the small intestine mucosa. 25 mumol/kg is the optimum dose and per os administration of higher doses is not expedient.

[Investigation of biologically active supplement Marinid as a prophylactic agent in ecologically unfavorable territory]. / Issledovanie biologicheski aktivnoi dobavki marinid v kachestve profilakticheskogo sredstva dlia ékologicheski neblagopoluchnykh territorii.

Physicochemical investigation of the biologically active supplement Marinid has been carried out. Biological accessibility of iodine containing in Marinid has been determined. About 60 micrograms of iodine can be assimilated by thyroid from one 0.5 g Marinid tablet. Daily iodine need for groups of different age can be satisfied by 1-4 tablets. Marinid reduces 90Sr resorption from gastrointestinal tract by 20-40%.

[Study of the influence of peroral zincacin on the removing of ingested Americium]. / Issledovanie vliianiia peroral'nogo primeneniia tsinkatsina na vyvedenie ameritsiia pri ego postuplenii v zheludochno-kishechnyi trakt.

Effect of different cincacine doses was studied in rats ingesting americium citrate during 2 weeks. As a result new data showing the possibility and efficacy of per oral cincacine administration at americium intake into digestive tract have been obtained. Dose dependence of cincacine efficacy has been stated for per oral 241Am intake. Preparation administration at a dose of 25 mumol/kg reduces amount of 241Am in skeleton, liver and kidney by 93, 90 and 33%, respectively and is optimum for radionuclide removal from the body and for the prevention of its deposition in organs. Digestive system organs and kidney structure at cincacine administration at a dose of 150 and 300 mumol/kg) to the rats ingesting 241Am have been studied.

[The effect of algisorb on the level of the accumulation of zirconium, ruthenium, iodine and cesium radioactive isotopes in the body of rats]. / Vliianie al'gisorba na uroven' nakopleniia radioaktivnykh izotopov tsirkoniia, ruteniia, ioda i tseziia v organizme krys.

The sorption effect of Algisorbum has been studied in rats following single and multiple intragastric administration. Algisorbum doses of 250-2000 mg/kg decrease the absorption of 106Ru and 95Zr by 50%, that of 137Cs by 15% and have no effect on 131I absorption. Application of a complex of agents to protect the body from nuclear fission products is discussed.

[Effect of algisorb on decontamination of milk contaminated with 90Sr]. / Vliianie al'gisorba na dekontaminatsiiu moloka, zagriaznennogo 90Sr.

The possibility of algisorb application for decontamination of milk contaminated with 90Sr has been investigated. Added to milk algisorb efficiently fixes radionuclide, giving an insoluble complex alginate-Sr. Administration of this milk has prevented 90Sr absorbtion and accumulation in the skeleton to the extend depending on the sorbent dose.

[The protective action of calcium alginate in chronic 90Sr uptake into the body]. / Zashchitnoe deistvie al'ginata kal'tsiia pri khronicheskom postuplenii 90Sr v organizm.

Strontium 90 was given to rats with the diet over a period of 3 months. Administration of a modified calcium alginate reduced 90Sr deposition in the skeleton by 70-90%. No changes in the digestive organs were observed throughout the above period.

[Percutaneous resorption of cesium-137 and strontium-89 in alkali solutions and inactivation of the burned surface]. / Perkutannaia rezorbtsiia tseziia-137 i strontsiia-89 v rastvorakh shchelochi i dezaktivatsiia ozhogovoi poverkhnosti.

Experiments on white rats studied percutaneous resorption of 137Cs and 89Sr during their skin application in the form of 10 per cent and 40 per cent solutions of NaOH. The study also involved deactivation of the contaminated skin by means of traditional means of first aid recommended for alkali burn and the application of 5 per cent solution of boric acid with the addition of some detergent or 10 per cent solution of sodium hexametaphosphate. The dependence of deactivation efficacy on the time of beginning sanitary treatment, decontamination procedure and alkali concentration was established.

[Effect of liposome-encapsulated pentacin on plutonium-239 excretion]. / Vliianie pentatsina, inkapsulirovannogo v liposomakh, na vyvedenie plutoniia-239.

A study was made of the influence of pentacin, encapsulated in liposomes, on the excretion of monomeric plutonium-239 from dogs and albino rats. Pentacin in a liposomal form, in comparison with free pentacin, increased the excretion of plutonium in urine from a dog body by 23.5% when administered in 24 h, and by 28% when administered in 20 days; in rats, the excretion increase made 40% after the administration in 30 or 45 days.

[14C-pentacin pharmacokinetics in percutaneous uptake]. / Farmakokinetika 14Copentatsina pri perkutannom postuplenii.

The authors studied the quantitative mechanisms of percutaneous administration and elimination from the body of Na3Ca-14C-diethylene triaminopentacetic acid applied to the skin in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide or in aqueous solution. The data on the time course of the content of the labeled drug in the skin, blood, skeleton, liver, kidneys and urine of rats are provided.

[Acceleration of the excretion of monomeric 239Pu-citrate from the body as effected by pentacyne encapsulated in liposomes]. / Uskorenie vyvedeniia iz organizma monomernogo 239Pu-tsitrata pod deistviem pentatsina, inkapsulirovannogo v liposomakh.

Liposomes, obtained by a modified procedure involving reverse phases, contained 2-3-times more 14C-pentacyne than the multilayer Banchem;s liposomes. Efficiency of pentacyne encapsulated in liposomes was higher, as compared with a non-encapsulated preparation in studies of urinary excretion of monomeric 239Pu-citrate in rats. Liposomal pentacyne increased most effectively the rate of the radionuclide excretion from liver tissue and skeleton as compared with the action of non-encapsulated complex-forming agent; as a result of which the radionuclide was excreted from liver tissue at a 1.6-2-times and from skeleton--with the 1.4-times higher rates. The both preparations increased the 239Pu excretion with urine and feces. The liposomal pentacyne accelerated an additional excretion of the nuclide with urine.