RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the last therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), defined as a fall in mean arterial pressure of more than 30% within the first 5 minutes after reperfusion of at least 1 minute, can occur in liver transplantation as a deep hemodynamic instability with associated hyperfibrinolysis immediately after reperfusion of the new graft. Its incidence has remained unchanged since it was first described in 1987. PRS is related to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, whose pathophysiology involves the release of several mediators from both the donor and the recipient. The antioxidant effect of ascorbic acid has been studied in resuscitating patients with septic shock and burns. Even today, there are publications with conflicting results, and there is a need for further studies to confirm or rule out the usefulness of this drug in this group of patients. The addition of ascorbic acid to preservation solutions used in solid organ transplantation is under investigation to harness its antioxidant effect and mitigate I/R injury. Since PRS could be considered a manifestation of I/R injury, we believe that the possible beneficial effect of ascorbic acid on the occurrence of PRS should be investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the benefits of ascorbic acid over saline in the development of PRS in adult liver transplantation. METHODS: We plan to conduct a single-center randomized controlled trial at the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal in Spain. A total of 70 participants aged 18 years or older undergoing liver transplantation will be randomized to receive either ascorbic acid or saline. The primary outcome will be the difference between groups in the incidence of PRS. The randomized controlled trial will be conducted under conditions of respect for fundamental human rights and ethical principles governing biomedical research involving human participants and in accordance with the international recommendations contained in the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions. RESULTS: The enrollment process began in 2020. A total of 35 patients have been recruited so far. Data cleaning and analysis are expected to occur in the first months of 2024. Results are expected around the middle of 2024. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this study could be particularly relevant because it will be the first to analyze the clinical effect of ascorbic acid in liver transplantation. Moreover, we believe that this study fills an important gap in the knowledge of the potential benefits of ascorbic acid in the field of liver transplantation, particularly in relation to PRS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database 2020-000123-39; https://tinyurl.com/2cfzddw8; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05754242; https://tinyurl.com/346vw7sm. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/50091.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is associated with adverse patient outcome. A new definition and staging system for AKI based on creatinine kinetics (CKs) has been proposed recently. Their proponents hypothesize that early absolute increases in serum creatinine (sCr) after kidney injury are superior to percentage increases, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aims of our study were to measure agreement between CK definition and the current consensus definition [risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage renal disease (RIFLE) system], and to compare time to diagnosis and prognostic value between both systems. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Agreement on AKI diagnosis by both classifications, time to diagnosis and prognostic value of both systems were compared in cardiac surgeries performed during a 6-year period (2002-2007) in a single centre. RESULTS: We found substantial agreement between both classifications (0.67). More patients were diagnosed with AKI by the CK definition than by RIFLE criteria both globally (28.2 vs 13.9%) and in every category (16.5 vs 8.4% for CK-1 vs RIFLE-R; 8.4 vs 3.6% for CK-2 vs RIFLE-I and 3.2 vs 2.0% for CK-3 vs RIFLE-F). Time to diagnosis was shorter for the CK definition (1.8 vs 2.5 days). Prognostic value in terms of information about in-hospital death and need for renal replacement was comparable between classifications. CONCLUSIONS: In cardiac surgery, the CK definition and classification system showed substantial agreement with the current standard, was more sensitive than RIFLE and detected AKI earlier without loss of prognostic information.
