RESUMO
The viral diseases have been the serious problem in salmonid farming, and rainbow trout is not an exception. In this study, routine surveys were conducted for detecting of viruses in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Korea during 2009-2010. Head kidneys from individual fish were employed for virus detection by using a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were the target viruses in this study. 53.5% (46/86) were found to be IPNV-positive, while IHNV and VHSV showed RT-LAMP negative during examination for 2 years. Ten IPNV-positive samples were randomly selected for viral isolation and the cells showing CPEs were subjected to RT-LAMP, RT-PCR, and direct sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the rainbow trout isolate has high similarity homologies with the VR-299 strain, as previously described.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Vírus da Necrose Hematopoética Infecciosa/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Necrose Pancreática Infecciosa/isolamento & purificação , Novirhabdovirus/isolamento & purificação , Oncorhynchus mykiss/virologia , Viroses/veterinária , Animais , Aquicultura , Genótipo , Rim Cefálico/virologia , Vírus da Necrose Hematopoética Infecciosa/genética , Vírus da Necrose Pancreática Infecciosa/classificação , Vírus da Necrose Pancreática Infecciosa/genética , Novirhabdovirus/genética , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
Neutrophil apoptosis is a constitutive process that can be enhanced or delayed by signals induced by various stimuli. We investigated the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in neutrophil apoptosis. The apoptotic rate of neutrophils was found to be increased by 1-butanol and decreased by the exogenous addition of PLD. Moreover, the delay of apoptosis by apoptosis-delaying stimuli such as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also blocked by 1-butanol. Unstimulated PLD activity in cultured cells for 20 h was higher than that in freshly isolated cells and further increased in cultured cells with LPS. These results suggest that PLD is involved in the up-regulation of neutrophil survival.
