Functional CT assessment of extravascular contrast distribution volume and myocardial perfusion in acute myocardial infarction.

PURPOSE: In a pig model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we validated a functional computed tomography (CT) technique for concomitant assessment of myocardial edema and ischemia through extravscualar contrast distribution volume (ECDV) and myocardial perfusion (MP) measurements from a single dynamic imaging session using a single contrast bolus injection. METHODS: In seven pigs, balloon catheter was used to occlude the distal left anterior descending artery for one hour followed by reperfusion. CT and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging studies were acquired on 3 days and 12 ±â€¯3 day post ischemic insult. In each CT study, 0.7 ml/kg of iodinated contrast was intravenously injected at 3-4 ml/s before dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) cardiac images were acquired with breath-hold using a 64-row CT scanner. DCE cardiac images were analyzed with a model-based deconvolution to generate ECDV and MP maps. ECDV as an imaging marker of edema was validated against CMR T2 weighted imaging in normal and infarcted myocardium delineated from ex-vivo histological staining. RESULTS: ECDV in infarcted myocardium was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in normal myocardium on both days post AMI and was in agreement with the findings of CMR T2 weighted imaging. MP was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the infarcted region compared to normal on both days post AMI. CONCLUSION: This imaging technique can rapidly and simultaneously assess myocardial edema and ischemia through ECDV and MP measurements, and may be useful for delineation of salvageable tissue within at-risk myocardium to guide reperfusion therapy.