"Sorry, I Didn't Mean to Kiss at You": A Descriptive Analysis of Tourette Syndrome in Interpersonal Interactions.

Recent research has begun to explore the specific social challenges experienced by persons with Tourette syndrome (TS); however, it does not specifically address the challenges that often arise interpersonally as part of people's communicative interactions and these interactions socially construct the individual and collective well-being of all involved. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 adults who identified as having TS in order to investigate the ways in which others respond behaviorally to TS behaviors and the ways TS behaviors are misinterpreted within interpersonal interactions. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes common within participant responses. All participants reported receiving unwanted attention from others in response to their TS symptoms. Unwanted attention was further divided into six emergent subthemes, including verbal harassment, physical abuse, staring, general bullying, getting into trouble, and being kicked out. Three types of misunderstandings were also reported in interpersonal interactions: misunderstanding communicative intention, misunderstanding TS, and misunderstanding the cause of TS behaviors. Applying attribution theory, it is determined that it is ultimately the misattribution of communicative intent to TS behaviors that causes many misunderstandings reported by adults with TS and leads to a plethora of interpersonal, communicative challenges. Importantly, these misunderstandings are what ultimately contribute to much of the unwanted attention described by the participants in this study and documented in previous work, highlighting the value of a greater awareness of how misunderstandings take place with respect to TS.

Don't give up when communication is difficult: Online well-being advice for caregivers of people with Alzheimer's and dementia.

Sixteen million people in the United States are unpaid caregivers to people with Alzheimer's or dementia. Although caregiver investment is associated with personal and relational benefits, there are also emotional, mental, relational, and physical costs. This study explores online well-being advice for nonprofessional caregivers of people with Alzheimer's and dementia, resulting in 332 online resources that offer informational support for nonprofessional caregivers. Although competent communication directly impacts the well-being of caregiving relationships, only 39 of these texts offered advice related to communication strategies. Thematic analysis of these 39 sources resulted in 1,024 discrete pieces of caregiver advice related to three overarching themes: Daily Routine, Care Recipient Well-Being, and Caregiver Self-Care. We examine the Caregiver Self-Care theme to understand informational support available to caregivers. These self-care advice themes reveal a need for intentional focus on the home health quality of nonprofessional caregivers about ways that communication impacts their everyday lives.

Multi-functional roles for the polypeptide transport associated domains of Toc75 in chloroplast protein import.

Toc75 plays a central role in chloroplast biogenesis in plants as the membrane channel of the protein import translocon at the outer envelope of chloroplasts (TOC). Toc75 is a member of the Omp85 family of bacterial and organellar membrane insertases, characterized by N-terminal POTRA (polypeptide-transport associated) domains and C-terminal membrane-integrated ß-barrels. We demonstrate that the Toc75 POTRA domains are essential for protein import and contribute to interactions with TOC receptors, thereby coupling preprotein recognition at the chloroplast surface with membrane translocation. The POTRA domains also interact with preproteins and mediate the recruitment of molecular chaperones in the intermembrane space to facilitate membrane transport. Our studies are consistent with the multi-functional roles of POTRA domains observed in other Omp85 family members and demonstrate that the domains of Toc75 have evolved unique properties specific to the acquisition of protein import during endosymbiotic evolution of the TOC system in plastids.