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1.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 50(3): e200, July-Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388928

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: The practice of anesthesiology during the COVlD-i9/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a psychological impact, and has been associated with ethical dilemmas, work overload, and occupational risk. Objective: To understand different problems affecting anesthesiologists, in particular with regards to professional ethics in the decision-making process, increased personal workload, and the potential risk in terms of their own safety and health, as a consequence of working during the COVlD-19 pandemic. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A survey was administered to anesthesiologists members of the Colombian Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (S.C.A.R.E.), to enquire about work hours, occupational safety, prevention standards and strategies, and ethical aspects involved in decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 218 anesthesiologist participated in the survey. Most of the respondents felt that there was not a significant increase in their workload, except for those in critical care (42.5 %; n = 17). Most of the participants believe that leisure time is not enough. 55.96 % (n = 122) of the participants said they felt moderately safe with the biosecurity measures, but with a higher risk of contagion versus other practitioners, with 72.9 % (n = 159) responding that they used their own money to buy personal protection equipment (PPE). There was also evidence that one fourth of the respondents has faced ethical dilemmas during the resuscitation of SARS-CoV-2 - infected patients. Conclusions: The information gathered is a preliminary approach to the situation arising in Colombia as a result of the pandemic; it is clear that anesthesiologists perceive higher associated lack of safety due to different factors such as higher risk of infection, shortage of PPEs and burnout, inter alia. Hence we believe that it is fundamental to acknowledge the work of all anesthesiologists and understand the impact that the pandemic has had on this group of professionals.


Resumen Introducción: El ejercicio de la anestesiología durante la pandemia por COVID-i9/SARS-CoV-2 ha tenido un impacto psicológico y ha estado asociado a dilemas éticos, aumento en la sobrecarga y riesgo laboral. Objetivo: Comprender distintos problemas en los que se han visto envueltos los médicos anestesiólogos, en especial los relacionados con su ética profesional en el proceso de tomar decisiones, el aumento en la carga personal y el posible riesgo de su seguridad y salud como consecuencia de su labor durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Por medio de una encuesta, aplicada a anestesiólogos afiliados a la Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación (S.C.A.R.E.), se indagó acerca de jornadas laborales, seguridad laboral, normas y estrategias de prevención, y aspectos éticos vinculados con la toma de decisiones durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Resultados: Participaron 218 anestesiólogos. La mayoría de los encuestados consideró que no hubo aumento significativo en su carga laboral, excepto aquellos que ejercen en cuidado crítico (42,5 %; n = 17). La mayoría de los participantes consideran que el tiempo de descanso no es suficiente. Un 55,96 % (n = 122) de los participantes, refieren sentirse moderadamente seguros con las medidas de bioseguridad, pero con un mayor riesgo de contagio frente a otros profesionales, con un 72,9 % (n = 159) y manifestaron haber invertido de sus propios recursos para la adquisición de elementos de protección personal (EPP). Así mismo, se evidenció que una cuarta parte de los entrevistados se ha enfrentado a dilemas éticos durante la reanimación de pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2. Conclusiones: La información obtenida hace un acercamiento inicial a la problemática generada en Colombia por la pandemia, donde es evidente que los anestesiólogos perciben una mayor inseguridad asociada, debido a diversos factores como mayor riesgo de infección, insuficiencia de EPP y burnout, entre otros. Por ende, creemos que es fundamental reconocer el trabajo de todos los anestesiólogos, y comprender el impacto que la pandemia ha tenido en estos profesionales.


Assuntos
Pâncreas Divisum
2.
Res Dev Disabil ; 58: 65-82, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27596962

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is very complex, given the variety of clinical pictures described in this disorder. Knowledge about the linguistic markers of SLI can facilitate its differentiation from the normal profile of language development. These markers can also be used as tools that may improve diagnostic. AIMS: To determine which psycholinguistic markers best discriminate Spanish-speaking children with SLI from children with typical language development. METHOD AND PROCEDURE: The performance of 31 Spanish-speaking children with SLI was analysed using a battery of 13 psycholinguistic tasks organized into two areas: phonology and morphosyntax. The performance of the SLI group was compared to that of two subgroups of controls: aged matched (CA) and linguistically matched (CL). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The data show that the SLI group performed worse than the CA subgroup on all 13 verbal tasks. However, the performance of the SLI group did not significantly differ from that of the CL subgroup on most (11/13) of the tasks. Stepwise discriminant analysis established the canonical function of three tasks (morphologic integration, sentence understanding and diadochokinesis) which significantly discriminated SLI from CA, with sensitivity 84% and specificity 90%. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results contribute to determining the psycholinguistic and clinical characteristics of SLI in Spanish-speaking children and provide some methods for screening assessment.


Assuntos
Compreensão , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise Discriminante , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Linguagem , Masculino , Fonética , Psicolinguística , Espanha
3.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(1): 36-52, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149856

RESUMO

Existen distintas propuestas sobre marcadores psicolingüísticos y sobre taxonomías del trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL). Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos en 8 tareas psicolingüísticas por 2 grupos de niños: 31 niños con TEL (GTEL) y 31 niños igualados en edad cronológica (GC). Las tareas han sido elaboradas ad hoc para valorar los marcadores psicolingüísticos en las 4 áreas clásicas: fonología, morfosintaxis, semántica y pragmática. En primer lugar, se comprueba que los niños del GTEL rinden significativamente peor que los niños del GC en las 8 tareas. En segundo lugar, un análisis de conglomerados K-medias clasifica a los 31 sujetos del grupo TEL en 4 conglomerados. En tercer lugar, un análisis discriminante comprueba si la clasificación clínica hecha a priori se mantiene tras los resultados del estudio. Se presenta el perfil de los conglomerados y se discuten sus características respecto a los subtipos de la taxonomía clínica de Rapin y Allen. Finalmente, se analizan las similitudes y diferencias entre ambas tipologías. Los resultados obtenidos ayudan a esclarecer los marcadores psicolingüísticos del TEL en niños de habla española y refuerzan la utilidad clínica de su clasificación en subtipos y la vigencia de la taxonomía de Rapin y Allen (AU)


There are various proposals for psycholinguistic markers and for taxonomies of specific language impairment (SLI). This study presents the results obtained in eight psycholinguistic tasks by two groups of Spanish-speaking children: 31 children with SLI (SLI) and 31 children matched for chronological age (CA). The tasks were developed ad hoc to assess psycholinguistic markers in the four traditional areas: phonology, morphosyntax, semantics and pragmatics. Firstly, we found that SLI group scored significantly worse than CA group in the eight tasks. Secondly, a K-Means cluster analysis distinguished five clusters within the 31 subject of SLI group. Thirdly, a discriminant analysis checks whether an a priori clinical classification is maintained after the study results. We present the profile of these clusters and discuss their features regarding Rapin & Allen taxonomy clinical subtypes. Finally, the similarities and differences between the two classifications are analyzed. The results obtained in this work help shed light on the psycholinguistic markers of the Spanish-SLI and reinforce the clinical utility of its classification into subtypes and the validity of the Rapin & Allen taxonomy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Testes de Linguagem/normas , Classificação , Psicolinguística/educação , Psicolinguística/métodos , Neuropsicologia/educação , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Semântica , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Disfonia/metabolismo , Disfonia/psicologia , Testes de Linguagem , Classificação/métodos , Psicolinguística/classificação , Psicolinguística/normas , Neuropsicologia/classificação , Neuropsicologia/ética , Biomarcadores/análise , Disfonia/complicações , Disfonia/genética
4.
PLoS One ; 10(12): e0145475, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26699612

RESUMO

Some epiphytic Hymenophyllaceae are restricted to lower parts of the host (< 60 cm; 10-100 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1)) in a secondary forest of Southern Chile; other species occupy the whole host height (≥ 10 m; max PPFD > 1000 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1)). Our aim was to study the photosynthetic light responses of two Hymenophyllaceae species in relation to their contrasting distribution. We determined light tolerance of Hymenoglossum cruentum and Hymenophyllum dentatum by measuring gas exchange, PSI and PSII light energy partitioning, NPQ components, and pigment contents. H. dentatum showed lower maximum photosynthesis rates (A max) than H. cruentum, but the former species kept its net rates (An) near Amax across a wide light range. In contrast, in the latter one, An declined at PPFDs > 60 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1). H. cruentum, the shadiest plant, showed higher chlorophyll contents than H. dentatum. Differences in energy partitioning at PSI and PSII were consistent with gas exchange results. H. dentatum exhibited a higher light compensation point of the partitioning of absorbed energy between photochemical Y(PSII) and non-photochemical Y(NPQ) processes. Hence, both species allocated energy mainly toward photochemistry instead of heat dissipation at their light saturation points. Above saturation, H. cruentum had higher heat dissipation than H. dentatum. PSI yield (YPSI) remained higher in H. dentatum than H. cruentum in a wider light range. In both species, the main cause of heat dissipation at PSI was a donor side limitation. An early dynamic photo-inhibition of PSII may have caused an over reduction of the Qa+ pool decreasing the efficiency of electron donation to PSI. In H. dentatum, a slight increase in heat dissipation due to acceptor side limitation of PSI was observed above 300 µmol photons m(-2)s(-1). Differences in photosynthetic responses to light suggest that light tolerance and species plasticity could explain their contrasting vertical distribution.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Clorofila/metabolismo , Gleiquênias/fisiologia , Gleiquênias/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Complexo de Proteínas do Centro de Reação Fotossintética/metabolismo , Chile , Transporte de Elétrons , Fotoquímica , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/efeitos da radiação , Floresta Úmida
5.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(1): 17-29, ene.-mar. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131940

RESUMO

Este estudio analiza las diferencias grupales e individuales en los resultados obtenidos tras la reeducación vocal de un grupo de pacientes disfónicos con diferentes diagnósticos, utilizando un protocolo multidimensional breve de evaluación. Las voces de 21 participantes con disfonía y 21 controles se evalúan y comparan en pretratamiento vs. postratamiento logopédico. El funcionamiento de la voz fue valorado antes y después del tratamiento mediante un conjunto de pruebas que incluían la videolaringostroboscopia, la valoración aerodinámica y tests de autoevaluación mediante cuestionarios de autoinforme. El grupo de tratamiento logopédico (TL) recibió 2 sesiones de terapia de la voz a la semana durante 3 meses. Tres reevaluaciones de seguimiento se llevaron también a cabo después de terminado el tratamiento para valorar la eficacia y la latencia del mismo. Un MANOVA con la prueba de la traza de Pillai mostró un efecto significativo de grupo del tratamiento logopédico en todas las variables evaluadas. Un T-test pretratamiento vs. postratamiento de los cambios individuales resultó también significativo en la mayoría de los participantes con disfonía, a pesar del amplio rango de puntuaciones mostrado (alta varianza) por las diferentes medidas utilizadas para valorar el programa de tratamiento logopédico aplicado. Los resultados corroboran la eficacia de la reeducación vocal con logopedia tanto en los análisis grupales como individuales en al menos algunos tipos de patologías de la voz. Sin embargo, ciertas características y antecedentes de los participantes se destacan como las más favorables para beneficiarse del tratamiento logopédico de la voz (AU)


This study analyzed group and individual differences in the results of vocal rehabilitation in a group of dysphonic patients with different diagnoses, using a brief multidimensional assessment protocol. The voices of 21 participants with dysphonia and 21 controls were evaluated and compared in a pre- vs. post-speech therapy treatment. Voice performance was assessed before and after treatment by a set of tests that included videolaryngostroboscopy, aerodynamic tasks, and self-rating questionnaires. The speech-therapy treatment group received two sessions of speech therapy a week for 3 months. Three follow-up reevaluations of group effects and individual variability were also carried out to assess the latency period after the end of treatment. MANOVA with Pillai's trace test showed a significant group effect of the vocal treatment on all of the variables assessed. A pre- vs. post- treatment T-test of individual changes was also significant in most of the dysphonic participants, despite the wide range of scores (high variance) in the different measures used after the voice therapy program. The results of both group and individual analyses support the effectiveness of vocal rehabilitation with speech therapy in at least some types of voice disorders. However, voice therapy was more effective in participants with certain characteristics and antecedents (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Disfonia/diagnóstico , Disfonia/reabilitação , Disfonia/terapia , Distúrbios da Voz/complicações , Distúrbios da Voz/diagnóstico , Distúrbios da Voz/reabilitação , Voz/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Programas de Autoavaliação , Microscopia de Vídeo/tendências , Fonação/fisiologia , Fonoaudiologia/métodos , Fonoaudiologia/organização & administração , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Santiago de Chile; s.n; 2001. 138 p. tab, graf.
Tese em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-313393

RESUMO

La peritoneo diálisis constituye la técnica efectiva para mantener la vida de pacientes renales crónicas menores de 5 años, pero genera en los padres y/o tutores un gran impacto, ya que además de satisfacer las necesidades del niño enfermo deben satisfacer sus propias necesidades y la de los otros miembros de la familia. La motivación surge de la realidad observada por las enfermeras a cargo del programa de diálisis peritoneal del Hospital Roberto del Rio, para ellas es importante conocer ¿Cuáles son las necesidades de información, preocupaciones,creencias y medidas de afrontamiento de la persona que realiza el tratamiento de diálisis peritoneal al niño enfermo en casa?. Los objetivos del estudio son identificar las necesidades de información, preocupaciones, creencias y medidas de afrontamiento del encargado de llevar a cabo el tratamiento en casa y proponer algunas estrategias de intervención de enfermería; para lo cual se aplicó al total de los padres y/o tutores (n=16) de los niños pertenecientes al programa, un instrumento modificado y traducido al español llamado "The Chronicity Impact and Coping Instrument: Parent Cuestionnaire" elaborado por la doctora en enfermería Debra Hymovich; obteniédose como resultado que las madres tienen necesidades de información que mayoritariamente son insatisfechas por el programa


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diálise Peritoneal/enfermagem , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos
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