Effectiveness of a single session protocol of behavioral activation in college students with depressive symptomatology

Previous research has analyzed the effectiveness of a single session intervention of Behavioral Activation (BA) for reducing depressive symptoms, however, it is important to replicate findings in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a single session intervention protocol of BA in college students with depressive symptomatology. The study was experimental pretest posttest with reference group in waiting list (N= 60). Students who scored more than 36 points in the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were selected and were randomly distributed to the reference group or experimental group. The results showed a remarkable decrease of depressive symptomatology in experimental group students compared to control group and it was found that the effect size of the treatment was 0.74, which contributes to the empirical evidence about BA especially regarding college population

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Cambios cognitivos en la forma de explicar la historia en estudiantes de quinto grado / Cognitive Changes in the Way of Explaining History by Fifth Grade Students / Mudanças cognitivas na forma de explicar a história em estudantes de quinto grado

Objetivo. Identificar la manera en que los estudiantes transforman el modelo explicativo de la historia, a partir de una secuencia de aprendizaje de seis sesiones de clase, basada en la teoría de la complejidad. Método. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 21 estudiantes de quinto grado, a quienes se les enseñaron las propiedades ontológicas emergentes que explican las relaciones multinivel de la violencia bipartidista y sus diferencias con las propiedades ontológicas directas. Se codificó la presencia o la ausencia de las propiedades ontológicas emergentes y directas en las producciones escritas de los estudiantes (n = 126), y se analizó cualitativamente la forma en la que se generaron las transformaciones en el reconocimiento y el uso de los atributos ontológicos que configuraron o no un cambio conceptual para explicar la historia. Resultados. Los estudiantes usaron y articularon piezas o atributos ontológicos de dos modelos explicativos (directo y emergente), y se identificaron tres tipos de transformación en la comprensión de la historia durante las sesiones. Conclusión. Aunque los estudiantes no lograron identificar todas las propiedades emergentes como un conjunto coherente de conocimiento, se encontró que articularon atributos directos y emergentes para explicar la historia, lo cual generó sesgos en la comprensión del fenómeno histórico.

Objective. This paper answered how students transformed their historical explanatory model, from a learning sequence based on complexity theory (in six class sessions). Method. Twenty-one fifth grade students were chosen by convenience, to whom we taught emergent ontological properties to explain the multilevel relationships of bipartisan party violence, and their differences with direct ontological properties. The presence or absence of the emerging and direct ontological properties were codified in the written work of the students (n = 126). We analyzed qualitatively how the transformations in the acknowledgement and the use of ontological attributes were generated in order to configure or not a conceptual change in the historical explanation. Results. The findings revealed that students used and articulated some ontological attributes from two different explanatory models (direct and emergent), and we identified three ways to change the historical explanations. Conclusion. Despite students failing to identify all emergent properties as a coherent body of knowledge, they articulated direct and emerging attributes to explain history, which generated biases in understanding the historical phenomenon.

Escopo. Identificar a forma na que os estudantes transformam o modelo explicativo histórico a partir de uma sequência de aprendizagem de seis sessões de aula baseada na teoria da complexidade. Metodologia. Foram selecionados por conveniência 21 estudante de quinto grado, os quais receberam ensino das propriedades ontológicas emergentes que explicam as relações multinível da violência bipartidária e suas diferenças com as propriedades ontológicas diretas. Foi codificada a presencia ou a ausência das propriedades ontológicas emergentes e diretas nas produções escritas dos estudantes e foi analisado qualitativamente a forma na que foram geradas as transformações no reconhecimento e o uso dos atributos ontológicos que configuraram ou não uma mudança conceitual na sua explicação histórica. Resultados. Os estudantes usaram e articularam peças ou atributos ontológicos de dois modelos explicativos diferentes (direito e emergente) e foram identificados três tipos de transformação na compreensão histórica durante as sessões. Conclusão. Embora os estudantes não conseguiram identificar todas as propriedades emergentes como um conjunto coerente de conhecimento, foi achado que eles articularam atributos direitos e emergentes para explicar a História, o qual gerou sesgos na compreensão do fenómeno histórico.

Evolution of glycated haemoglobin in adults on growth hormone replacement therapy / Comportamiento de la hemoglobina glicada en adultos con déficit de GH en tratamiento sustitutivo

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of GH replacement therapy (GHR) for 3 years on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and on the presence of dysglycaemia at any time during follow-up in Spanish adult patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Study design: A retrospective study of 41 patients with GHD was conducted using baseline and long-term data. Changes in HbA1c values during the first 3 years of GHR were studied in both the overall population and patients with or without dysglycaemia during follow-up. Dysglycaemia was defined as FPG ≥ 100 mg/dl and/or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. RESULTS: Mean HbA1c value (5.4 ± 0.4% at baseline) increased during the first and second years of GHR (HbA1c5.5 ± 0.4%, p = 0.05, and 5.5 ± 0.4%, p = 0.006 respectively). This increase was not maintained during the third year (HbA1c 5.4 ± 0.3%, p = 0.107) of GHR. Twenty-eight patients (68.2%) had dysglycaemia during follow-up, 9 of them since baseline. In the 19 patients without baseline dysglycaemia, HbA1cincreased during the first year and remained stable in the next 2 years (mean HbA1c 5.2 ± 0.4% at baseline; 5.5 ± 0.4% at 1 year, p < 0.050; 5.4 ± 0.4% at 2 years, p = 0.004, and 5.4 ± 0.4% at 3 years, p = 0.016). In the 9 patients with baseline dysglycaemia, HbA1c did not significantly change during the 3 years of GHR therapy. CONCLUSIONS: HbA1c values increased during the first 2 years of GHR therapy. In patients with no dysglycaemia before treatment, HbA1c steadily increased over the 3 years. However, it did not change in patients with baseline dysglycaemia

OBJETIVO: Evaluar, en una cohorte de pacientes españoles con déficit de GH (GHD), el efecto de 3 años de tratamiento sustitutivo con hormona de crecimiento (GHR) sobre la hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) y la presencia de disglucemia en cualquier momento del seguimiento. DISEÑO: Estudio retrospectivo de 41 pacientes con GHD en GHR. Se analizaron los cambios durante los tres primeros años de GHR, en los valores de la HbA1c tanto en la población general como en los subgrupos de pacientes con y sin disglucemia durante el seguimiento. Se definió disglucemia como una glucemia basal ≥ 100 mg/dl y/o HbA1c ≥ 5,7%. RESULTADOS: La HbA1c media (inicialmente 5,4 ± 0,4%) aumentó durante el primer y segundo año de GHR (HbA1c5,5 ± 0,4%, p = 0,05 y 5,5 ± 0,4%, p = 0,006, respectivamente); esta tendencia no se mantuvo durante el tercer año (HbA1c 5,4 ± 0,3%, p = 0,107). Veintiocho pacientes (68,2%) presentaron disglucemia durante el seguimiento, 9 de ellos desde el inicio del seguimiento. En los 19 pacientes sin disglucemia basal, la HbA1c se incrementó durante el primer año, permaneciendo estable durante los siguientes dos años (HbA1c media basal 5,2 ± 0,4%, 1er año 5,5 ± 0,4%, p < 0,050; 2do año 5,4 ± 0,4% p = 0,004 y 3er año 5,4 ± 0,4% p = 0,016). En los 9 pacientes con disglucemia basal la HbA1c no cambió en forma significativa durante los 3 años de GHR. CONCLUSIONES: Los valores de HbA1c aumentaron durante los dos primeros años de GHR. En los pacientes sin disglucemia pre-tratamiento la HbA1c presentó un incremento continuo durante los tres años. Sin embargo, no cambió en aquellos pacientes con disglucemia basal