Diagnósticos y actividades preventivas en la población adolescente de un centro de salud / No disponible

Objetivo: describir las actividades realizadas con la población adolescente en un centrode salud.Pacientes y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la actividad realizada con lapoblación adolescente en un centro de salud durante dos años. Se seleccionaron a 434 pacientescon edades comprendidas entre 11 y 18 años. Se registraron los datos sociodemográficos,el número de visitas, los diagnósticos, los exámenes de salud, consejos acerca del consumode alcohol, tabaco, drogas, advertencias sobre sexualidad, nutrición y accidentes,petición de pruebas complementarias, consultas a otras especialidades, estado vacunal, rendimientoescolar, relaciones familiares e ingresos hospitalarios.Resultados: durante el período de estudio acudieron al menos una vez a la consulta 353adolescentes (el 81% del total de la muestra). El número medio de visitas fue 3,97 + 4,6 (IC95% = 3,53-4,41) y el número medio de exámenes de salud fue 0,57 + 0,64 (IC 95% =0,51-0,63). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron infecciones respiratorias de las vías altas,seguidas de enfermedades de la piel, osteoarticulares y ginecológicas. En 212 adolescentes(49%) se realizó al menos un examen de salud durante ese período; la proporciónmayor tuvo lugar en el grupo de menores de 16 años.El 69% de los pacientes recibió consejo de prevención de riesgos (alcohol, tabaco, drogas,educación sexual, nutrición y accidentes). En un 98% de los pacientes las recomendacionesfueron realizadas en las consultas de pediatría.Conclusiones: la eliminación de barreras favorece la asistencia de los adolescentes alcentro de salud y su inclusión en actividades preventivas

Purpose: to examine the adolescents’ (age 11-18) utilization of ambulatory care.Methods: prospective study of the activity in a Primary Care Health Centre over twoyears. 434 adolescents were included (age 11-18). Visit characteristics consisted of gender,age, country, number of visits, morbidity, health supervision visits, counselling on six selectedtopics: alcohol consumption, tobacco, and other illicit drugs, diet and exercise, injuryprevention, sex advice, other explorations and specialty consultation, immunization status,family relationship and school performance, hospital admissions.Results: 353 adolescents (81%) attended at least once the physicianoffice during this period. The mean number of visits was 3.97 + 4.6 (CI 95% = 3.53-4.41)and the mean number of check-ups was 0.57 + 0.64 (CI 95% = 0.51-0.63). The leading reasonsfor both male and female visits were respiratory, dermatological and musculoskeletalconditions. 212 adolescents (49%) had at least one check-up during this period, most of themamong the group younger than 16. 69% of the adolescents received behavioural counsellingregarding drinking, drugs, tobacco use, sexual education and nutrition. 98% of counsellingwas in the pediatric office.Conclusions: decreasing barriers to accessing Primary Care increases adolescent visitsand their inclusion in preventive activities (AU)

[The Fuenlabrada study: smoking habits in children and adolescents. Effect on various cardiovascular risk factors]. / Estudio de Fuenlabrada: hábito tabáquico en niños y adolescentes. Influencia sobre las variables de riesgo cardiovascular.

We studied 1,274 healthy children of both sexes from 10 until 18 years of age, in Fuenlabrada, Madrid. We knew the tobacco consumption by means of direct asking to the children, without the presence of their parents. We studied the smoking habit of their parents by means of inquiries. The percentage of smoker children was 30% (24% of them had smoker parents, and 6% did not). We studied the tobacco influence in several parameters of cardiovascular risk; it was found that C-HDL levels in the smoker children were 5 mg/dl lower than the non-smokers, and the ratio C-LDL/C-HDL in the smokers was 1,2 times greater than in the non-smokers.

[The Fuenlabrada study: normal values of arterial pressure in children and adolescents]. / Estudio de Fuenlabrada: valores normales de la tensión arterial en niños y adolescentes.

We have studied 1,939 healthy children of both sexes (1.003 boys and 936 girls), aged from 4 to 18 years, of the city of Fuenlabrada (Madrid). The following parameters were determined: blood pressure, weight, height, triccipital folds, the rohrer index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, blood sugar and uric acid. The results of the blood pressure have been expressed by means of percentiles in relation with age, weight, and height. The correlation coefficients have been statistically significant for the height, weight, age, triccipital skinfolds, triglycerides and C-VLDL. We have relationed our results with other national and international studies.

[The Fuenlabrada study: lipids and lipoproteins in children and adolescents]. / Estudio de Fuenlabrada: lípidos y lipoproteínas en niños y adolescentes.

We studied in 2,153 children of both sexes from birth until 18 years of age, in Fuenlabrada, Madrid, the following parameters: the height, weight, tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, glycemia, uric acid and smoking habits. We obtained the next mean values: Total cholesterol (TC), 166 +/- 36 mg/dl; triglycerides, 63 +/- 39 mg/dl; HDL-C, 53 +/- 13 mg/dl; LDL-C, 102 +/- 34 mg/dl; VLDL-C, 13 +/- 6 mg/dl. TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels did not present any significant differences with respect to sex until 12 years of age. But they were significantly higher in girls than in boys in adolescence. In contrast, TG and VLDL-C levels were higher in girls than in boys until 12 years of age, they did not present any difference in adolescence. The significant change of the lipoproteinic pattern in adolescence is connected with the hormonal distribution that is produced in puberty.

[Prevalence of breast feeding and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors in the pediatric population of Fuenlabrada]. / Prevalencia de la lactancia materna y su relación con los factores de reisgo cardiovascular en la población pediátrica de Fuenlabrada.

The infant nutrition is surveyed on 1893 children of both sexes, aged from 0 to 18 years, in Fuenlabrada, Madrid. The percent of children with breast feeding has strongly decreased (47%) during the period 1965-1983, so its endurance has shortened (15%). The kind of feeding is related to the age mother and her smoking habit. The statistical correlation between the newborn intake and the cardiovascular risk factors is studied; no significant differences are found, excepting a temporary increase of the total cholesterol during the first quarter of life.

[Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome; endocrinologic study (author's transl)]. / Síndrome de Smith-Lemli-Opitz: estudio endocrinológico. A propósito de un caso.

A case of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is reported in an 8 year old boy of related parents. He presented clinical features of the syndrome, with a normal male karyotype, distal axial triradii and increased number of whorl dermatoglyphic. Cerebral T.A.C. revealed an hypodensity zone in the left cerebral hemisphere. Authors studied the hypotalamo-pituitary axis finding a normal secretion of FSH and LH. The secretion of TSH and PRL under TRH stimulation showed an enhanced response. Plasma GH response to insulin induced hypoglycemia plus L-arginine was within normal limits.