Enhancing learning in a perceptual-cognitive training paradigm using EEG-neurofeedback.

This paper provides the framework and supporting evidence for a highly efficient closed-loop paradigm that modifies a classic learning scenario using real-time brain activity in order to improve learning performance in a perceptual-cognitive training paradigm known as 3-dimensional multiple object tracking, or 3D-MOT. Results demonstrate that, over 10 sessions, when manipulating this novel task by using real-time brain signals, speed and degree of learning can be substantially improved compared with a classic learning system or an active sham-control group. Superior performance persists even once the feedback signal is removed, which suggests that the effects of enhanced training are consolidated and do not rely on continued feedback. This type of learning paradigm could contribute to overcoming one of the fundamental limitations of neurofeedback and other cognitive enhancement techniques, a lack of observable transfer effects, by utilizing a method that can be directly integrated into the context in which improved performance is sought.

Enhancing Cognitive Function Using Perceptual-Cognitive Training.

Three-dimensional multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) is a perceptual-cognitive training system based on a 3D virtual environment. This is the first study to examine the effects of 3D-MOT training on attention, working memory, and visual information processing speed as well as using functional brain imaging on a normative population. Twenty university-aged students were recruited and divided into a training (NT) and nonactive control (CON) group. Cognitive functions were assessed using neuropsychological tests, and correlates of brain functions were assessed using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Results indicate that 10 sessions of 3D-MOT training can enhance attention, visual information processing speed, and working memory, and also leads to quantifiable changes in resting-state neuroelectric brain function.