Effect of hormonal treatment on artificial propagation, spawning performance and embryonic development of striped snakehead Channa striata (Bloch, 1793).

Present study describes the spawning induction of striped Snakehead, Channa striata using carp pituitary extract (CPE) and LH-RH agonist i.e. Buserelin (Glp-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-tBu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt). Total four treatments were designed under both hormones trail and treated as control group, T1, T2, and T3 with three replications of each treatment. While breeders under all hormone treatments showed spawning performances, no spawning performance was observed in control group. Latency time after hormonal treatment was lowest (20-24 hrs) in case of CPE than Buserelin (25-30 hrs). Regarding to CPE, spawning, fertilization and hatching rate were higher with the increasing doses of CPE in different treatments. The highest mean ± Standard deviation spawning, fertilization and hatching rate were 85.60±8.58 %, 79.38±4.89 % and 64.33±6.60 % respectively in T3 where dose of CPE was 80 mg kg-1. Similarly, in case of Buserelin hormone highest spawning rate was found in T3 (80.61±5.59) where dose of Buserelin was 0.80 µg kg-1 body weight. Fertilization rate was on the level 48.57±5.99, 70.62±5.33 and 90.32±4.79 respectively for T1, T2, and T3.Whilst, hatching rate was found 20.81±4.91, 37.11±4.50 and 61.33±6.61 in T1, T2, and T3 treatments respectively. However, T3 exhibited best performance regarding spawning, fertilization and hatching rate which were significantly higher than other two treatments.The current study revealed that spawning induction using carp pituitary extract and Buserelin is effective and might be useful for artificial breeding of Channa striata. Regarding to dose application i.e. 80 mg kg-1 of CPE and 0.80 µg kg-1 of Buserelin may be successfully applied to ovulation stimulation of Channa striata.

Effect of Disease Severity, Age of Child, and Clinic No-Shows on Unscheduled Healthcare Use for Childhood Asthma at an Academic Medical Center.

This study examines the influence of various individual demographic and risk factors on the use of unscheduled healthcare (emergency and inpatient visits) among pediatric outpatients with asthma over three retrospective timeframes (12, 18, and 24 months) at an academic health center. Out of a total of 410 children who visited an academic medical center for asthma outpatient care between 2019 and 2020, 105 (26%) were users of unscheduled healthcare for childhood asthma over the prior 12 months, 131 (32%) over the prior 18 months, and 147 (36%) over the prior 24 months. multiple logistic regression (MLR) analysis of the effect of individual risk factors revealed that asthma severity, age of child, and clinic no-shows were statistically significant predictors of unscheduled healthcare use for childhood asthma. Children with higher levels of asthma severity were significantly more likely to use unscheduled healthcare (compared to children with lower levels of asthma severity) across all three timeframes. Likewise, children with three to four clinic no-shows were significantly more likely to use unscheduled healthcare compared to children with zero clinic no-shows in the short term (12 and 18 months). In contrast, older children were significantly less likely to use unscheduled healthcare use compared to younger children in the longer term (24 months). By virtue of its scope and design, this study provides a foundation for addressing a need identified in the literature for short- and long-term strategies for improving supported self-management and reducing unscheduled healthcare use for childhood asthma at the patient, provider, and organizational levels, e.g., (1) implementing telehealth services for asthma outpatient care to reduce clinic no-shows across all levels of asthma severity in the short term; (2) developing a provider-patient partnership to enable patient-centered asthma control among younger children with higher asthma severity in the long term; and (3) identifying hospital-community linkages to address social risk factors influencing clinic no-shows and unscheduled healthcare use among younger children with higher asthma severity in the long term.

Invasion of African Clarias gariepinus Drives Genetic Erosion of the Indigenous C. batrachus in Bangladesh.

The African catfish Clarias gariepinus has been introduced for aquaculture in Bangladesh due to the scarcity of indigenous C. batrachus fingerlings. However, the government of Bangladesh has banned the farming of C. gariepinus due to the carnivorous nature of this species. Recently C. gariepinus has been reported by fish farmers and consumers in Bangladesh, and unplanned hybridization between native and exotic species has been suspected. This study attempts to know the purity of C. batrachus by analyzing mitochondrial genes. Both directly sequenced and retrieved Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes from C. gareipinus and C. batrachus were analyzed by MEGA software. The morphologically dissimilar C. batrachus showed the least genetic distance (0.295) from C. gariepinus, which provided evidence of hybridization between the two species. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees showed that C. batrachus from Bangladesh did not cluster with C. batrachus of other countries, instead C. batrachus clustered with the exotic C. gariepinus. The suspected hybrid formed sister taxa with the exotic C. gariepinus. The study corroborates the genetic deterioration of C. batrachus by unplanned hybridization with the invasive C. gariepinus. Unplanned hybridization has deleterious consequences; therefore, immediate action is necessary for aquaculture sustainability and biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh.