Frusemide aids diagnostic interpretation of 68 Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography/CT in men with prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION: 68 Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is useful for both staging and assessment of biochemical relapse in men with prostate cancer. Renal excretion of 68 Ga-PSMA can lead to difficulties in scan interpretation, particularly in the pelvis. We evaluated if intravenous Frusemide at the time of 68 Ga-PSMA injection reduces excreted activity artefact and improves diagnostic certainty. METHODS: Sixty-two men with prostate cancer undergoing clinically indicated 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT were prospectively included, 30 men receiving Frusemide at the time of radiotracer injection. Clinical information and reasons for the scan were documented. Intensity of excreted activity was assessed semi quantitatively for each patient (SUV max). PET/CT images were interpreted by two experienced readers for image quality, and presence/absence of PSMA-positive disease. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent (18/62) were staging scans, and 71% (44/62) re-staging. PSMA-positive findings were identified in 95% (59/62). Staging scans had PSMA-positive findings within the prostate in 100% (18/18) and re-staging scans, 50% (22/44) in the prostate fossa, 64% (28/44) in lymph nodes and 21% (9/44) in viscera and bone. Administration of Frusemide had a significant impact on intensity of excreted activity in the ureters and bladder. Impaired image quality was noted in 33% (10/30) of men not given Frusemide, compared to only 3% (1/32) in men given Frusemide (P = 0.002). Reporter confidence on the presence/absence of PSMA avid disease in the prostate fossa improved from 63% (19/30) without Frusemide, to 91% (29/32) with Frusemide (P < 0.015). CONCLUSION: Intravenous Frusemide given with 68 Ga-PSMA reduces excretion artefact, and improves diagnostic certainty. Frusemide should be considered for all 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging protocols.

Trends in Procedures at Major Trauma Centres in New South Wales, Australia: An Analysis of State-Wide Trauma Data.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the trend in major trauma surgical procedures and interventional radiology in major trauma patients in Australia over the past 6 years. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of adult major trauma (Injury Severity Score greater than 15) patients using the New South Wales Statewide Trauma Registry between 2009 and 2014. Major trauma surgical procedures were classified into abdominal, neurosurgery, cardiothoracic and interventional radiology. The proportion of patients undergoing such procedures per year was the outcome of interest. RESULTS: There were around ten thousand cases analysed. The proportion of cases undergoing interventional radiology procedures increased from 1% in 2009 to around 6% in 2014. Other major trauma surgical procedures remained stable. Only around 100 laparotomies were performed in 2014. The predictors of having an IR procedure performed were increasing from 2009 (OR 1.5 95% CI 1.4, 1.6 p < 0.001), hypotension (OR 1.5 95% CI 1.1, 2.1 n = 0.01), severe abdominal injury (OR 4.2 95% CI 3.2, 5.3 p < 0.001) and lower limb (including pelvic) injury (OR 3.8 95% CI 3.0, 4.7 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There has been a rapid increase in the use of interventional radiology over the past few years which will need to be addressed in future trauma service planning and models of care.

SPECT-CT/VQ versus CTPA for diagnosing pulmonary embolus and other lung pathology: Pre-existing lung disease should not be a contraindication.

INTRODUCTION: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Ventilation-Perfusion (SPECT-VQ) with low-dose CT (SPECT-CT/VQ) has equivalent diagnostic accuracy to CTPA for diagnosing pulmonary embolus (PE) while using lower radiation doses, but is underutilized owing to perceived inaccuracy of scintigraphy in the setting of pre-existing lung disease. This study assesses the accuracy of SPECT-CT/VQ compared with CTPA for the diagnosis of PE, including in patients with pre-existing lung disease. METHODS: Retrospective non-inferiority cohort study of all patients who underwent SPECT-CT/VQ scanning at St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, from June 2012 to November 2013, who also had a CTPA within the same admission and <72 h apart (n = 102). RESULTS: SPECT-CT/VQ had 100% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity when compared with CTPA. Of the 102 patients, 14 were lung transplant patients, and 27 had other pre-existing lung disease (41/102, 40.2%), with SPECT-CT/VQ having a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.2% in this patient group. Non-inferiority of SPECT-CT/VQ was demonstrated at a significance level of 0.005. CONCLUSION: SPECT-CT/VQ has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PE compared with CTPA, even among patients with pre-existing lung disease, with lower radiation doses.