RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coxiella burnetii is a highly clonal microorganism which is difficult to culture, requiring BSL3 conditions for its propagation. This leads to a scarce availability of isolates worldwide. On the other hand, published methods of characterization have delineated up to 8 different genomic groups and 36 genotypes. However, all these methodologies, with the exception of one that exhibited limited discriminatory power (3 genotypes), rely on performing between 10 and 20 PCR amplifications or sequencing long fragments of DNA, which make their direct application to clinical samples impracticable and leads to a scarce accessibility of data on the circulation of C. burnetii genotypes. RESULTS: To assess the variability of this organism in Spain, we have developed a novel method that consists of a multiplex (8 targets) PCR and hybridization with specific probes that reproduce the previous classification of this organism into 8 genomic groups, and up to 16 genotypes. It allows for a direct characterization from clinical and environmental samples in a single run, which will help in the study of the different genotypes circulating in wild and domestic cycles as well as from sporadic human cases and outbreaks. The method has been validated with reference isolates. A high variability of C. burnetii has been found in Spain among 90 samples tested, detecting 10 different genotypes, being those adaA negative associated with acute Q fever cases presenting as fever of intermediate duration with liver involvement and with chronic cases. Genotypes infecting humans are also found in sheep, goats, rats, wild boar and ticks, and the only genotype found in cattle has never been found among our clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed methodology has permitted to demonstrate that C. burnetii is highly variable in Spain. With the data presented here, cattle seem not to participate in the transmission of C. burnetii to humans in the samples studied, while sheep, goats, wild boar, rats and ticks share genotypes with the human population.
Assuntos
Coxiella burnetii/classificação , Coxiella burnetii/genética , Microbiologia Ambiental , Tipagem Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Febre Q/microbiologia , Febre Q/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Coxiella burnetii/isolamento & purificação , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Cabras , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular/métodos , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos/genética , Ratos , Ovinos , Espanha , Sus scrofa , CarrapatosAssuntos
Miocardite/microbiologia , Febre Q , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Miocardite/diagnóstico , Miocardite/tratamento farmacológico , Ofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Febre Q/diagnóstico , Febre Q/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
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Humanos , Febre Q/diagnóstico , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Febre Q/sangue , ImunoglobulinasRESUMO
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Humanos , Febre Q/sangue , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Coxiella burnetii/isolamento & purificação , Coxiella burnetii/patogenicidade , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para AnticorpoRESUMO
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Humanos , Coxiella burnetii/patogenicidade , Febre Q/microbiologia , Testes Sorológicos/métodosRESUMO
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Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Febre Q/microbiologia , Carrapatos/patogenicidade , Coxiella burnetii/patogenicidade , Insetos VetoresAssuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções por Chlamydophila/sangue , Infecções por Chlamydophila/epidemiologia , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , EspanhaRESUMO
Monografía que se divide en tres partes. En la primera se repasa la biología de Coxiella burnetii, la epidemiología de la fiebre Q, sus manifestaciones clínico-patológicas, su diagnóstico, su terapia y su prevención. La segunda parte repasa la situación de la fiebre Q en el mundo, y en especial en España. La tercera parte es un anexo en el que, en forma de tablas, se expone la situación actual de la seroprevalencia humana y animal de la fiebre Q en España.
Assuntos
Febre Q , Infecções Bacterianas , Coxiella burnetii , Parasitologia , MicrobiologiaRESUMO
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