RESUMO
Early detection is fundamental for achieving effective control of infectious disease outbreaks. We described the development of a local chief complaint emergency department (ED)-based syndromic surveillance system to improve public health response in Genoa, Italy. The five syndromes under investigation by the syndromic surveillance system were influenza-like illness (ILI), low-respiratory tract illness (LRTI), not-haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, acute hepatitis, fever-with-rash (maculo-papular or vescicular) syndrome. Syndrome coding, data capture, transmission and processing, statistical analysis to assess indicators of disease activity and alert thresholds, and signal response were operatively described. Preliminary results on ILI syndromic surveillance showed that new system allowed the activation of the alert state with a specificity of 90.3% and a sensitivity of 72.9% in predicting epidemiological relevant events, such as > or = 10 accesses to ED for ILI in 3 days. The new syndromic surveillance system allowed to alert the public health institutions 2.5 days before than the local surveillance system based on sentinel physicians and paediatricians, permitting the early activation of the necessary measures for the containment and for burden reduction of the epidemic event. It is noteworthy that the syndromic surveillance epidemic cut-off was overcome once before and 4 times after influenza outbreak detected by sentinel-based surveillance system: all episodes were contemporary with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus circulation, as detected by regional reference laboratory.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Vigilância da População/métodos , Administração em Saúde Pública/métodos , Informática em Saúde Pública , Notificação de Doenças , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Itália , Projetos Piloto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , SíndromeRESUMO
The authors consider the causes of bowel infarction and report the up-to-date diagnostic tools for optional treatment. They verify management and outcome of 97 cases treated during the last decade.
Assuntos
Infarto/diagnóstico , Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Embolia/complicações , Emergências , Feminino , Humanos , Infarto/complicações , Infarto/epidemiologia , Infarto/etiologia , Infarto/cirurgia , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Artéria Mesentérica Superior , Oclusão Vascular Mesentérica/complicações , Veias Mesentéricas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Trombose/complicaçõesRESUMO
Esophageal sutures require the same general criteria applied for the realization of an intestinal suture. The lack of a serous membrane and the particular vascularization of the organ, though, make this portion of the gastroenteric tract very prone to serious complications. Undoubtedly, the introduction of new systems of suture renders easier, faster and more efficacious the work of the surgeon. In particular, the Authors stress the advantages that staplers can offer for the treatment of achalasic megaesophagus.