RESUMO
Experiments show that ethanol extracts prepared from the above-ground parts of Aconitum baicalensis and the above-ground parts and roots of Aconitum septentrionale L. suppressed the exudative and proliferative stages of model chronic inflammation. Both phytopreparations normalized some biochemical indices of the blood (total protein, seromucoids, firbinogen) altered by the inflammation.
Assuntos
Aconitum/química , Granuloma/prevenção & controle , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Raízes de Plantas/química , Animais , Etanol/química , Masculino , RatosRESUMO
In order to evaluate the severity of stress, the effects of single and repeated exposure to hypoxia of different origin (hemic, tissue, and circulatory) on the classical parameters of the Selye triad, cytological characteristics of lymphoid organs, and karyometric parameters (nucleus diameters) were studied in all adrenal zones, and analysis of correlations was carried out. The corrective effect of Inula helenium L. tincture manifested in prolongation of the life-span and normalization of somatic and morphological parameters.
Assuntos
Hipóxia/complicações , Inula/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Estresse Fisiológico/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Estresse Fisiológico/etiologiaRESUMO
The safety of bayacon, a new drug based on Baikal aconite intended for the treatment of inflammation-proliferative dermatitis (psoriasis), was studied on a preclinical level. With respect to a single introduction in rats and mice, the drug is classified as a low-toxicity substance. However, a 3-month oral administration of bayacon (0.25, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg) in rats showed a number of dose-dependent functional and morphological changes. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg induced weak hyporegenerative anemia, neutrophile leukocytosis, and dystrophic changes in the stomach mucosa, heart, liver, and kidneys. All these symptoms disappeared within two weeks after abolition of the drug. Oral administration of bayacon (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) in rabbits produced no pathological morphofunctional changes in the organs and tissues studied. In rats, bayacon 2.5, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg doses of bayacon led to dose-dependent changes in some characteristics of the reproduction system. The drug did not influence the expression of allergic reactions and showed no immunotoxicity and mutagenicity manifestations.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Ranunculaceae/química , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Gravidez , Coelhos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
The mechanisms of the gastroprotective effect of well-known drugs (plantaglucid, befungin, plantain juice), extractions of birch bark (Betula pendula Roth,) and burdock seeds (Arctium tomentosum Mill.) on various links of gastric ulcer pathogenesis were compared. Phytopreparations were found to have a variety of effects on gastric secretion in rats. Differences in their action on the smooth muscles of the stomach and intestine were detected.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Aspirina , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/ultraestrutura , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Interações Medicamentosas , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Linfoma não Hodgkin/genética , Masculino , Transplante de Neoplasias , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The experimental evaluation of antitumor properties of honey was carried out using five strains of rat and murine tumors. Honey revealed moderate antitumor and pronounced antimetastatic effects. Honey potentiated the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Mel , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Metástase Neoplásica , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The paper deals with the results of experiments which were carried out on 10 tumor models and used approximately 1,000 animals (mice and rats of different strains). Such cytostatic drugs as cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent) and 5-fluorouracil (antimetabolite) showed a significantly enhanced antitumor and metastation--preventing effect when used in combination with polyene antibiotic amphotericin B and a diuretic drug--diacarb. This was matched by a pronounced amelioration of toxic side effects and an increase in the animals' lifespan. The said method of treatment should be integrated with oncological practice.
Assuntos
Acetazolamida/administração & dosagem , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Acetazolamida/uso terapêutico , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidade , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/toxicidade , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
An evaluation of antimetastatic properties of succus Aloës was carried out using three types of experimental tumors of mice and rats. It was found that succus Aloës treatment contributes to reduction of tumor mass, metastatic foci and metastasis frequency at different stages of tumor progress without affecting major tumor growth. Succus Aloës potentiates the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide as components of combination chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Aloe , Antineoplásicos , Metástase Neoplásica/prevenção & controle , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , RatosRESUMO
The experiments with albino rats, Wistar rats and SHK mice showed that the combined use of amphotericin B and diacarb markedly potentiated the effect of the latter: the amount of the urine excreted within 6 h and the renal excretion of sodium ions increased 1.8 and 1.5 times, respectively. Analogous trends were observed in the experiments with stabilization of the animal water balance by 2 per cent water loading. The studies on rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma showed that the diuresis level in the tumor-bearing animals was 3 times lower than that in healthy rats. The treatment with 5-fluorouracil lowered this index more significantly. With the use of amphotericin B, diacarb and their combination the urination level came to normal. The cyclophosphamide therapy of mice with sarcoma 180 was accompanied by accumulation of water in the tumor tissue. The combined use of the cytostatic with the polyenic antibiotic and diuretic resulted in a significant lowering of this index. In rats with Walker-256 carcinosarcoma, the treatment with the above three drugs lowered the sodium ion concentration and increased the calcium ion concentration in the tumor tissue. At the same time the electrolyte level in some organs not affected with malignant tumor (spleen, thymus, liver and adrenal glands) returned to normal.
Assuntos
Acetazolamida/farmacologia , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Diurese/efeitos dos fármacos , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/fisiopatologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Linfoma não Hodgkin/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Potássio/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Sarcoma Experimental/fisiopatologia , Sódio/metabolismoRESUMO
The antidepressant drug cephedrine experimentally displays a little acute and chronic toxicity, does not influence the development of allergic reaction in guinea pigs, changes but little the ECG and does not possess teratogenic and embryotoxic properties. When used in a subtoxic dose it is capable of causing dystrophic changes in individual neurons in the cortex and subcortical formations of the central nervous system, to delay the growth of fetuses, especially when administered during the second half of gestation.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/toxicidade , Propanolaminas/toxicidade , Animais , Antidepressivos/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobaias , Dose Letal Mediana , Camundongos , Nitrilas/imunologia , Nitrilas/toxicidade , Gravidez , Propanolaminas/imunologia , Ratos , Teratogênicos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The chemical structure of benzimidazol urea derivatives and physico-chemical properties of these compounds conditioned by it play a significant role in the manifestation of the emictory effect. Among the study substances a number of compounds displaying a marked, but short-lived diuretic action have been educed. In the manifestation of emictory properties in benzimidazol urea derivatives of importance is the character of the side chain and its ramification and also an even number of carbon atoms in the acyl radical.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Animais , Diurese/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Sarcoma 45 growth in rats was noted to be followed by the development of anemia and leucocytosis. Sessional use of 6-mercaptopurine and cyclophosphane resulted in the enhancement of anemia, the development of leucopenia, and suppression of bone marrow hemopoiesis. The suppression of hemopoiesis was much less manifested, if cytostatics were used together with diuretics (diacarbe or furocemid).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Hematopoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Sarcoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Acetazolamida/uso terapêutico , Animais , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Furosemida/uso terapêutico , Mercaptopurina/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Sarcoma Experimental/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
A cytological analysis of proliferating neoplasic and intestinal epithelium tissues of rats under the effect of cyclophosphane, 6-mercaptopurine, furosemide, diacarbum and of their combination with course-wise introduction was effected. The treatment of rats with the combination of these agents is shown to have led to a stronger inhibition of the mitotic activity in sarcoma 45 and to deeper morphological changes therein, as compared with separate administration of the antiblastomatous drugs. The mitotic activity of the intestinal crypts epithelium inhibited by cytostatics was completely restored up to the control level when the latter were used in combination with diuretics.
Assuntos
Acetazolamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Mercaptopurina/administração & dosagem , Sarcoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Acetazolamida/uso terapêutico , Animais , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Furosemida/uso terapêutico , Mercaptopurina/uso terapêutico , Mitose , Ratos , Sarcoma Experimental/patologiaRESUMO
Benzhydrylurea, which displays an anticonvulsant action and is of low acute toxicity in capable after a 3-month administration to rats to inhibit the growth of male-rats, intensify the excretion of protein with the urine, raise the blood sugar level (with its single administration--to reduce), provoke dystrophic changes in the liver, kidneys and central nervous system. Following a 1--3-week introduction of the substance guinea pigs and cats demonstrate hemorrhagic erosions in the stomach and small intestine (but not rabbits, dogs and rats), the appearance of pathological forms of erythrocytes, while guinea pigs suffer from leucopoietic disorders.
Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos/toxicidade , Compostos de Fenilureia/toxicidade , Animais , Atrofia , Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Encéfalo/patologia , Encefalopatias/induzido quimicamente , Gatos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Cães , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos do Crescimento/induzido quimicamente , Cobaias , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Proteinúria/induzido quimicamente , Coelhos , RatosAssuntos
Células da Medula Óssea , Medula Óssea/patologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias Duodenais/patologia , Mitose , Animais , Carcinoma/terapia , Dieta , Dieta Hipossódica , Neoplasias Duodenais/terapia , Mercaptopurina/uso terapêutico , Mitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Neoplasias Experimentais/terapia , RatosRESUMO
In experiments with rabbits is shown weak toxic action of managanese chloride (0,5 and 5 mg/kg intravenously for 2 months) on the organism of animals. The blood managanese level rose only when the element was introduced in a large dose. The ascorbic acid content in the supprarenals diminished. At the site of the preparation administration (muscles) were in evidence manifestations of irritation (necrosis with regeneration), which disappeared 2 weeks after abolishment of the preparation.