RESUMO
Introducción: Nuestro objetivo es medir la incidencia del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) y la liberación de citoquinas en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía abierta de aorta abdominal con medidas perioperatorias fast-track en comparación con las convencionales. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado unicéntrico de octubre de 2015 a noviembre de 2017. Incluimos pacientes consecutivos intervenidos de cirugía abierta de aorta abdominal. Establecimos un grupo fast-track (GFT) y un grupo convencional (GC). El manejo fast-track consistió en: ingesta de bebida carbohidratada 2 h preoperatorias, analgesia con elastómero preperitoneal, movilización y dieta temprana. Registramos variables demográficas y perioperatorias, concentraciones de citoquinas séricas (TNFalfa, IL-1Beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 e IL-12p70) basales, a las 8, 24 y 48 h postoperatorias, incidencia de SIRS en las primeras 72 h postoperatorias y complicaciones en el ingreso. Resultados: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes (GFT: 26, GC: 23) con edad media de 67,8 ± 8,6 años, 91,8% hombres. Ambos grupos fueron comparables en variables demográficas y perioperatorias, excepto en índice de masa corporal (GFT: 25,67 ± 3,07 vs. GC: 29,29 ± 4,66 [p=0,008]) y tiempo de clampaje (FT:52,4 ± 12,63 vs. GC: 63,91 ± 14,34 min [p=0,005]). La incidencia de SIRS en GFT vs. GC fue 38,5% vs. 45,5%, 38,5% vs. 45,5%, 23,1% vs. 26,1%, 15,4% vs. 19% (p > 0,05) a las 8, 24, 48 y 72 h postoperatorias respectivamente. Evidenciamos una mayor liberación de IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 y TNFalfa en GC en comparación con GFT. A las 8 h, IL-6 alcanzó un aumento estadísticamente significativo respecto al valor basal en GC (p = 0,045). A las 24h, la IL-10 aumentó respecto al valor inicial, siendo estadísticamente más elevada en GC en comparación con GFT (p = 0,024). En GC 6/23 (26,1%) presentaron insuficiencia renal aguda y en GFT 1/26 (3,8%) (p = 0,041). Conclusiones: La CA de aorta abdominal implica una elevada incidencia de SIRS. Aunque IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 y TNFalfa aumentan después de la cirugía en ambos grupos, el manejo perioperatorio fast-track pareció modular solo la liberación de IL-6 e IL-10. Necesitamos más estudios para valorar las citoquinas como biomarcadores de pronóstico
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and cytokines release in patients after open abdominal aortic surgery with fast-track compared to those with conventional peri-operative management. Material and methods A prospective, single centre, randomised study was conducted from October 2015-November 2017 that included consecutive patients undergoing open abdominal aortic surgery. Two groups were established: fast-track group (GFT) and conventional group (GC) depending on the peri-operative management. GFT peri-operative management consisted of: a carbohydrate drink 2hours before surgery, analgesia using pre-peritoneal elastomer, mobilisation, and early diet. The main demographic and perioperative variables were collected, and the levels of serum cytokines (TNFalfa, IL-1Beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70) were analysed at baseline, 8, 24, and 48 hours, post-operatively. The SIRS incidence was recorded in the first 72hours after surgery, as well as the mortality and complications rate during admission. Results: A total of 49 patients were included (GFT: 26, GC: 23) with a mean age of 67.8±8.6 years, of whom 91.8% were men. Both groups were comparable in demographic and perioperative variables, except in terms of the pre-operative body mass index: GFT: 25.67±3.07 vs. GC: 29.29 ± 4.66 (P=.008) and total clamping time: GFT: 52.4±12.63 vs. GC: 63.91 ± 14.34 min (P=.005). The incidence of SIRS in GFT vs. GC was 38.5% vs. 45.5%, 38.5% vs. 45.5%, 23.1% vs. 26.1%, 15.4% vs. 19% (P>.05) at 8, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively, respectively. As regards serum cytokines, a higher release of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFα in GC was observed compared to GFT. At 8 h, IL-6 reached a statistically significant increase compared to baseline in GC (P = .045). At 24h, the IL-10 increased compared to the baseline, and was statistically higher in GC compared to GFT (P =.024). Acute renal failure was observed in the GC (6/23, 26.1%) and 1/26 (3.8%) in GFT (P = .041). Conclusions: Open abdominal aortic surgery showed a high incidence of SIRS. Although IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFalfa serum increased after open abdominal aortic surgery in both groups, fast-track peri-operative management seemed to modulate only IL-6 and IL-10 release. More studies are required to evaluate cytokines as biomarkers to measure outcome
