[Modern approaches and prospective directions in treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss following acoustic trauma]. / Sovremennye podkhody i perspektivnye napravleniya v lechenii ostroi sensonevral'noi tugoukhosti akutravmaticheskogo geneza.

The article presents a review of the literature on the treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss, acoustic trauma in people exposed to impulse noise. Groups of the most used drugs for the pharmacological correction of hearing impairment in this pathology are present, such as glucocorticosteroids, antioxidants, nootropics, antihypoxants, and others, are covered. Particular attention is paid to use of drugs taking into account the main links of pathogenesis.

[The clinical markers of infection of bloodstream in out-patients].

The sampling of270 out-patients was examined to detect principal clinical symptoms under infection of bloodstream. The principal clinical symptoms the form of complaints were collected using specially developed questionnaire. The patients mentioned most frequently low-grade fever, shivering, furuncles of skin, unstable stool (diarrhea or constipation), diseases of upper respiratory ways. The microbiological diagnostic of infection of bloodstream included microscopy and inoculation of leukocyte layer of blood sample. At microscopy of blood smears microorganisms were detected in 98.5% of cases. The positive findings were presented by associations of various morphological forms in 82.6% of cases. The hemoculture was obtained from 55.2% of patients and characterized by polymicrobility in 35.7% of cases. The greatest number of hemoculture were obtained from patients with low-grade fever and shivering (53.4%), furuncles (55.8%), unstable stool (53.6%), diseases of upper respiratory ways (53.8%) that substantiate presence of infection of bloodstream.

[Using metabolic cytoprotector Remaxol for urgently increased stability towards acute decompression syndrome].

The article deals with evaluation of efficiency of metabolic cytoprotector Remaxol as a medication for urgently increased stability towards acute decompression syndrome at severe degree, studied in experiments on 45 outbred male rabbits. Single intravenous injection of Remaxol relieves oxidant effects of inadequate decompression, lowers number of lethal outcomes due to acute decompression syndrome, increases survival time in the animals.

[The potential of conservative therapy and surgical treatment of microcirculatory distress in chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities in a stage of trophic disorders]. / Vozmozhnosti konservativnoi terapii i khirurgicheskogo lecheniia narushenii mikrotsirkuliatsii pri khronicheskoi venoznoi nedostatochnosti nizhnikh konechnostei stadii troficheskikh rasstroistv.

The present work describes the results of an all-round examination and treatment of 120 patients suffering from different forms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower extremities with trophic disorders of soft tissues. Of these, varicosis was present in 91 (75.8%) patients and postthrombotic disease - in 29 (24.2%), patients. Hemomicrocireulation was examined by laser Doppler flow-metry. Assessment was made of the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes of the microcirculatory bed. The data were obtained indicating the decrease of skin perfusion and activation of neutrophils in the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the involved extremity at venous outflow decompensation. Of the 120 persons, conservative treatment was provided to 23 patients, in 45 patients, the conservative measures represented a stage in the preoperative preparation. Ninety-seven patients were operated on. The studies of hemomicrocirculation carried out at different times after treatment have demonstrated that conservative treatment produces a beneficial effect on hemomicrocirculatory disorders in the lower extremities of patients with CVI. However, the effects of conservative therapy are unstable and not long-lasting. Surgical correction of the venous outflow in patients with decompensated forms of CVI of the lower extremities leads to a stable improvement of the functional parameters of microcirculation.

[Method for measuring glutathione system parameters in human lymphocytes]. / Metodika opredeleniia pokazatelei sistemy glutationa v limfotsitakh cheloveka.

The levels of reduced glutathion, activity of glutathion peroxidase, and glutathion S-transferase were measured in human peripheral blood mononuclears. The adapted methods permit measurements of glutathion system parameters in immunocompetent cells and can be used in patients with different immunopathological processes.

[Xanthine oxidase activity in mononuclear cells of human blood]. / Obnaruzhenie ksantinoksidaznoi aktivnosti v mononuklearnykh kletkakh krovi cheloveka.

Xanthine oxidase activity has been revealed in human blood mononuclear cells. The enzyme is found in these cells only after solubilization. This may become the explanation for contradiction with other previous data claiming absence of xanthine oxidase in human blood mononuclears. The level of enzyme activity is 2.76 +/- 0.029 mu mol/g protein.min. The latter is readily inhibited with allopurinol and folic acid.

[The military medical aspects of HIV infection]. / Voenno-meditsinskie aspekty infektsii VICh.

PIP: During 1988-89 the medical department of the S. M. Kirov hospital diagnosed 50 HIV-infected military personnel who had contracted the disease in Africa. Among 270,000 prisoners from 17 countries the rate of HIV infection ranged from 11% to 26%. Among US Army recruits the rate of HIV seropositivity was found to be 1.5%. Among Navy soldiers the rate was 0.24%. During 1985-87, in the navies of different countries, 2051 men had contracted HIV infection, most of whom had no idea about transmission and prevention. At the Kirov military hospital during 1988-89 a comparison of HIV infection rate was made involving 545 people. Among foreigners the rate was 17.2 times higher than among citizens. In a massive screening experiment involving 47,447 people in Kalmykia a rate of 2.9% was found among local citizens compared to 1.9% among foreigners. Diagnosis relies on various antibody tests, of which the Welcozyme test system has yielded only a 2.3% rate of false positive results. In 1989 the immunological status of 73 false positive results from 20 HIV-infected people was examined. These investigations revealed that the absolute amount of T-4 cells, the index of differentiation of T-4/T-8, and the functional activity of lymphocytes diminished in the infected people, while a slight increase of T-8 count did occur. The study of the blood lymphocytes showed that in the infected people the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial isoforms of malate dehydrogenase decreased somewhat, while the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and especially of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased. In persons infected with HIV, the T- suppressor cell count increased and T-helper cell count decreased, which leads to the decrease of the functional indices of the immune system. Military health services are obliged to inform the servicemen about AIDs for health protection and the spouses of those infected with HIV should also be notified.^ieng

[Antibody-dependent cytotoxic method of determining the number of natural killer cells in the peripheral blood]. / Antitelozavisimyi tsitotoksicheskii metod opredeleniia kolichestva estestvennykh killerov v perifericheskoi krovi.

A method for assays of human peripheral blood natural killers, making use of monoclonal antibodies, has been developed. The method is unsophisticated, reagent-saving, does not involve the use of special equipment. Comparison of the results of the cytotoxic method 'with those of routine tests has shown a good correlation of the results.