[Primary malignant melanoma of the orbit A- and B-scan echographic characteristics]. / Melanoma maligno primitivo dell'orbita: caratteristiche ecografiche A e B-scan.

Authors describe the echographic characteristics A and B-scan of a malignant primitive melanoma of the orbit and the diagnostic difficulties. In fact we do not have, in the scientific literature, abstracts with an echographic description. The A-scan shows us a characteristic pattern: a frontal big echo followed from many lessing echoes not returning to the zero line; finally a big closing echo. The B-scan shows us a neoformation of regular aspect with clear limits, dishomogeneous inside, near the ocular bulb. The echographic pattern is construed like a cystic neoformation because of the final echo and the good echographic transmission. This pattern is very similar to the echographic aspects of the choroideal malignant melanoma.

[Echographic profile of senile disciform macular degeneration and problems of differential diagnosis]. / Profilo ecografico della degenerazione disciforme senile della macula e problemi di diagnosi differenziale.

Authors describe the echographic characteristics A and B-scan of the disciform macular degeneration. They also examine the problems of an echographic differential diagnosis between the upper described pathological pattern and the melanoma of small dimensions growing from the posterior pole. With the B-scan, both pathological patterns show a zone of echoes which is of solid aspect, not so much raised from the retina. The only characteristic element is the choroideal excavation that we always have in the choroideal melanoma and never in the disciform macular degeneration. Even the A-scan is useful mostly if we reduce the amplification level we have a separation of the internal echoes better in the disciform macular degeneration than in the melanoma. Moreover in some cases when the pathological area is small, we cannot have an echographic differential diagnosis in order to recognize the lesion.

[Fluoroangiography of various pathological pictures in unusual observations of the anterior segment]. / La fluorangiografia di alcuni quadri patologici di insolita osservazione del segmento anteriore.

Fluorangiography is a very important investigation in order to have a differential diagnosis in all pathological pattern of the conjunctiva of scleral corneal limbus of the sclera of the iris of the ciliary-body. We have in the literature two different patterns: A) Fluorescein negative pattern (cystic neoformations, benign tumors with or without pigment) B) Fluorescein positive pattern (inflammatory pseudotumors, malignant tumors). Authors agree more or less with this classification; they have, moreover, worked out some variations. In our case of a localised carcinoma, fluorescein positive, we did not observe less of fluorescein; in the iris melanoma, even this fluorescein positive, in all observed cases has shown only a small loss of fluorescein near his edges. In the other cases as in the leiomyoma and cystis we agree with the literature even with prudence.