Antimicrobial resistance in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli Isolated from layer and pig farms in Thailand

Background: Study of drug resistance of commensal bacteria in both humans and animals can determine the scale of the drug resistance problem. Usage of antimicrobials to treat infections in humans and animals has generated extensive antimicrobial pressure not only on targeted pathogens but also on commensal bacteria. Commensal Escherichia coli appears to be the major reservoir for resistant genes implicated in the transmission of genetic traits from one bacterium to another. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has increased dramatically worldwide in the last decade. An increasing number of community-onset extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial infections, especially those caused by ESBL-producing E. coli, have been reported in many countries, including Thailand. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. coli have been widely detected in food-producing animals and the environment. The increased use of ESBLs in food animals is a serious public health problem. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from pigs, layers, farm workers and stagnant water, in order to increase awareness about antimicrobial usage on farms and to minimize the expansion of the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon in farm settings.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 588 samples were collected from 107 pig farms and 89 layer farms in Chiang Mai–Lamphun and Chon Buri provinces during May 2015-April 2016. Double-disk diffusion method according to EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) guidelines was used for detection. The results demonstrated that 36.7% (216/588) of samples were ESBL-producing E. coli-positive, including rectal swabs 74.8% (80/107), pig farm worker stool swabs 57.0% (61/107), stagnant water on pig farms 21.5% (23/107), healthy layer rectal swabs 6.7% (6/89) and layer farm worker stool swabs 51.7% (46/89).[...](AU)

Antimicrobial resistance in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli Isolated from layer and pig farms in Thailand

Background: Study of drug resistance of commensal bacteria in both humans and animals can determine the scale of the drug resistance problem. Usage of antimicrobials to treat infections in humans and animals has generated extensive antimicrobial pressure not only on targeted pathogens but also on commensal bacteria. Commensal Escherichia coli appears to be the major reservoir for resistant genes implicated in the transmission of genetic traits from one bacterium to another. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has increased dramatically worldwide in the last decade. An increasing number of community-onset extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial infections, especially those caused by ESBL-producing E. coli, have been reported in many countries, including Thailand. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. coli have been widely detected in food-producing animals and the environment. The increased use of ESBLs in food animals is a serious public health problem. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from pigs, layers, farm workers and stagnant water, in order to increase awareness about antimicrobial usage on farms and to minimize the expansion of the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon in farm settings.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 588 samples were collected from 107 pig farms and 89 layer farms in Chiang Mai–Lamphun and Chon Buri provinces during May 2015-April 2016. Double-disk diffusion method according to EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) guidelines was used for detection. The results demonstrated that 36.7% (216/588) of samples were ESBL-producing E. coli-positive, including rectal swabs 74.8% (80/107), pig farm worker stool swabs 57.0% (61/107), stagnant water on pig farms 21.5% (23/107), healthy layer rectal swabs 6.7% (6/89) and layer farm worker stool swabs 51.7% (46/89).[...]

Serodiversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of detected Salmonella on swine production chain in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand

Background: Foodborne illness is growing public health problem worldwide. Salmonella is recognized as a major causeof this problem. Salmonella serotyping is a phenotypic characteristics which provided useful epidemiological markers forprimary discrimination. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant of this pathogen have become a major publichealth concern. The objectives of this study were to determine Salmonella serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profileson swine production chain (Farm-to-slaughtering process) in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 300 Salmonella strains were randomly selected from isolates recovered in2011-2013 in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand, including the isolates from fecal, lymph node, pest and environmentalsamples. Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by WHO National Salmonella and Shigella center(Thailand). Salmonella isolates were serotyped by agglutination tests with antisera (S&A Reagents Lab Ltd., Thailand) onthe basis of somatic-O, as well as phase 1 and phase 2 flagellar antigens according to the Kauffmanne-White scheme. Inaddition, all serotyping Salmonella isolates were detected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by using the disk diffusion method of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Ten antimicrobial agents were determined. The data werecollected and analyzed for descriptive statistical analysis by Epi Info ™7. Twenty-one Salmonella serotypes were detectedin both farms and slaughterhouses. Salmonella Rissen is the highest frequency found in both farms and slaughterhouses(30.7% and 38.0%, respectively). Thirty three antimicrobial resistance patterns were demonstrated. There were including10 common patterns isolated from pig farms and slaughterhouses. The highest frequency...(AU)

Serodiversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of detected Salmonella on swine production chain in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand

Background: Foodborne illness is growing public health problem worldwide. Salmonella is recognized as a major causeof this problem. Salmonella serotyping is a phenotypic characteristics which provided useful epidemiological markers forprimary discrimination. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant of this pathogen have become a major publichealth concern. The objectives of this study were to determine Salmonella serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profileson swine production chain (Farm-to-slaughtering process) in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 300 Salmonella strains were randomly selected from isolates recovered in2011-2013 in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand, including the isolates from fecal, lymph node, pest and environmentalsamples. Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by WHO National Salmonella and Shigella center(Thailand). Salmonella isolates were serotyped by agglutination tests with antisera (S&A Reagents Lab Ltd., Thailand) onthe basis of somatic-O, as well as phase 1 and phase 2 flagellar antigens according to the Kauffmanne-White scheme. Inaddition, all serotyping Salmonella isolates were detected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by using the disk diffusion method of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Ten antimicrobial agents were determined. The data werecollected and analyzed for descriptive statistical analysis by Epi Info ™7. Twenty-one Salmonella serotypes were detectedin both farms and slaughterhouses. Salmonella Rissen is the highest frequency found in both farms and slaughterhouses(30.7% and 38.0%, respectively). Thirty three antimicrobial resistance patterns were demonstrated. There were including10 common patterns isolated from pig farms and slaughterhouses. The highest frequency...