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The increasing interest in plant phenolic compounds in the past few years has become necessary because of their several important physicochemical properties. Thus, their identification through non-destructive methods has become crucial. This study carried out comparative non-destructive measurements of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf powder sample phenolic compounds using Fourier-transform infrared and near-infrared spectroscopic techniques under six distinct stress conditions. The prediction analysis of 600 leaf powder samples under different stress conditions (LED lights and drought) was performed using PLSR, PCR, and NAS-based HLA/GO regression analysis methods. The results obtained through FT-NIR spectroscopy yielded the highest correlation coefficient (Rp2) value of 0.999, with a minimum error (RMSEP) value of 0.003 mg/g, based on the PLSR model using the MSC preprocessing method, which was slightly better than the correlation coefficient (Rp2) value of 0.980 with an error (RMSEP) value of 0.055 mg/g for FT-IR spectroscopy. Additionally, beta coefficient plots present spectral differences and the identification of important spectral signatures sensitive to the phenolic compounds in the measured powdered samples. Thus, the obtained results demonstrated that FT-NIR spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and suitable preprocessing method has a solid potential for non-destructively predicting phenolic compounds in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf powder samples.
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Background:Anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Anterior communicating artery is an important artery to form the circle of Willis. The present study was conducted to know the variations of anterior communicating artery, including number, diameter, length, course and direction of placement. Knowledge of the variations of anterior communicating artery is important for radiologists, neurosurgeons and anatomists. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study with a duration of more than eight years, which was conducted on 100 adult embalmed human cadaveric brains conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. After removal of the brain from cadavers used in routine educational dissection for MBBS students, the anterior communicating artery was dissected and cleaned, then measurements were taken and digitally photographed. Results:Among the 100 adult brains, the anterior communicating artery was absent in 3% of specimens. The course was oblique in 56% of specimens and horizontally placed in the remaining 44%. No duplication or triplication was seen. The mean length was 2.80 mm and mean diameter 1.11 mm. Conclusions:From the present study we conclude that the variations of anterior communicating artery are common. The anterior communicating artery was absent in 3% of specimens. Oblique and horizontal patterns were also seen. There was no duplication or triplication. Knowledge about the wide range of variations of this artery is important for neurosurgeons, radiologists and anatomists.
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Introduction: Superior orbital fissure (SOF) is a very important region through which important nerves and vessels of the orbit pass. Comprehensive knowledge of the morphometry and relationship of superior orbital fissure are vital for an accurate diagnosis and management of local pathology as well as knowledge of morphometry and relationship of SOF is important for neurosurgeons, radiologists, ophthalmologists and anatomists. Materials and methods:The study was conducted on 30 dry skulls and computed tomography (CT) scans of 30 adult patients. Parameters observed in the present study include SOF length and width, distance from foramen rotundum to SOF and distance from the apex of petrous temporal bone to SOF. Results:The mean length of SOF in dry skull was 16.18 mm on the left side and 15.93 mm on the right side. The mean length of SOF in CT scan was 10.92 mm on the left side and 10.90 mm on the right side. Similarly, the mean width in dry skull and CT scan was 8.44 mm and 6.13 mm on the left side, respectively. The mean width in dry skull and CT scan was 8.64 mm and 6.14 mm on the right side, respectively. The distance of SOF to the apex of petrous temporal bone in dry skull was 21.86 mm on the left side and 22.22 mm on the right side, while in CT it was 25.15 mm on the left side and 25.07 mm on the right side. The distance of SOF to foramen rotundum was 4.50 mm on the left side and 4.91 mm on the right side in dry skull, while in CT scan it was 2.73 mm on the left side and 2.79 mm on the right side. Discussion: Most of parameters did not shows any significant differences between the left and right side in both dry skull and CT scan, except the distance of SOF to foramen rotundum in dry skull, where the right side distance was significantly higher. Conclusion:The above mentioned parameters will help ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons and radiologists during surgical procedures.
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Introduction: Renal ectopia is an uncommon congenital condition, where kidney is misplaced and malrotated. Results: In the present study, it was found that the right kidney had a lower position (at the level of L2 to L5) than usual. The hilum of the right kidney was facing anterolaterally and had two renal pelvises. The right kidney was supplied by five renal arteries and the left one by two renal arteries. Discussion: Renal ectopia occurs due to abnormal ascend and rotation of the kidney. The majority of ectopia cases were reported in the pelvic region, but in the present study it was found in the abdominal region. Conclusion: Ectopic kidney may occur due to abnormal ascent and rotation of kidney. It may be associated with vascular and ureteric anomalies.
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It is well established that angiogenesis is the process of formation of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels. It is a complex process, involving both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, and plays a significant role in physiological and pathophysiological processes such as embryonic development, atherosclerosis, post-ischemic vascularization of the myocardium, tumor growth and metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis etc. This is the first report of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflowers that show significant pro-angiogenic properties (formation of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels), observed by in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays. The egg yolk angiogenesis assay using ZnO nanoflowers indicates the presence of matured blood vessels formation. Additionally, it helps to promote endothelial cell (EA.hy926 cells) migration in wound healing assays. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-a redox signaling molecule, might be the plausible mechanism for nanoflower-based angiogenesis. Angiogenesis by nanoflowers may provide the basis for the future development of new alternative therapeutic treatment strategies for cardiovascular and ischemic diseases, where angiogenesis plays a significant role.
