RESUMO
Today, one of the most prevalent reasons for death among people is carcinoma. Because it is still on the increase throughout the world, there is a critical need for in- -depth research on the pathogenic mechanisms behind the disease as well as for efficient treatment. In the field of epigenetics, gene expression alterations that are inherited but not DNA sequence changes are investigated. Three key epigenetic changes, histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression, are principally responsible for the initiation and progression of different tumors. These changes are interconnected and constitute many epigenetic changes. A form of polyphenolic chemical obtained from plants called curcumin has great bioactivity against several diseases, specifically cancer. A naturally occurring substance called thymoquinone is well-known for its anticancer properties. Thymoquinone affects cancer cells through a variety of methods, according to preclinical studies. We retrieved information from popular databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and CNKI, to summarize current advancements in the efficiency of curcumin against cancer and its epigenetic regulation in terms of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA expression. The present investigation offers thorough insights into the molecular processes, based on epigenetic control, that underlie the clinical use of curcumin and thymoquinone in cancerous cells.
RESUMO
Malignant breast cancers are responsible for a growing number of deaths among women globally. The latest research has demonstrated that Wnt signaling is pivotal in this disease, regulating a safe microenvironment for the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, sustained stemness, resistance to therapy, and aggregate formation. The three highly conserved Wnt signaling pathways, Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP), Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling, assume various roles in the maintenance and amelioration of breast cancer. In this review, we examine ongoing studies on the Wnt signaling pathways and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways promotes breast cancers. We also look at how Wnt dysregulation could be exploited to foster new treatments for malignant breast cancers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Wnt , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
There are several questions pertaining to dosage, duration and potential long-term toxicity of hydroxyurea (HU) therapy. Use of HU is extremely limited in eastern India because of its high cost and apprehension of its toxicities. We undertook this study to assess the clinical, biochemical and hematological efficacy of minimal dose HU (10 mg/kg/day) in 118 sickle cell anemia patients (27 pediatric and 91 adults). The frequency of painful crises reduced significantly in 71.5 and 92.2% in pediatric and adult cases, respectively. Ninety-five percent of the patients became transfusion independent. The baseline Hb F, total hemoglobin (Hb), MCV, MCH and MCHC levels increased significantly, whereas the WBC, platelet count and total serum bilirubin values decreased significantly. This is the first study of minimal dose HU therapy in eastern India that showed impressive improvement in clinical and hematological parameters with minimal toxicity.
Assuntos
Dor Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Aguda/etiologia , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/tratamento farmacológico , Antidrepanocíticos/administração & dosagem , Transfusão de Sangue , Hidroxiureia/administração & dosagem , Dor Aguda/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Falciforme/terapia , Antidrepanocíticos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hemoglobina Fetal/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidroxiureia/efeitos adversos , Incidência , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Doença da Hemoglobina SC/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Feminino , Hemoglobina Fetal/genética , Hemoglobina A2/genética , Hemoglobina C/genética , Doença da Hemoglobina SC/sangue , Doença da Hemoglobina SC/complicações , Doença da Hemoglobina SC/genética , Doença da Hemoglobina SC/patologia , Hemoglobina Falciforme/genética , Hepatomegalia/etiologia , Hepatomegalia/genética , Hepatomegalia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Úmero/patologia , Índia , Masculino , Osteonecrose/etiologia , Osteonecrose/patologia , Irmãos , Esplenomegalia/etiologia , Esplenomegalia/genética , Esplenomegalia/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Hb D-Punjab [ß121(GH4)GluâGln] is prevalent in the northern states of the Indian subcontinent. Due to inadequate data from Asian countries, the origin and spread of the Hb D-Punjab mutation are uncertain. In a study of sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, we detected the Hb D-Punjab mutation in 25 subjects from 11 unrelated Agharia families. Twelve cases were Hb S [ß6(A3)GluâVal]/Hb D-Punjab compound heterozygotes and 13 were Hb D trait carriers. In 76.0% of the cases, the ß(D) gene was linked to haplotype I, whereas 24.0% had a novel haplotype. None of the haplotypes matched the ß(A) haplotype of the local population. In view of the ancestral origin of the subjects and the high prevalence of the ß(D) gene in the states of northern India, we suggest a North Indian origin for the ß(D) mutation in our population. The finding of a novel haplotype in eastern India supports the hypothesis of a multicentric origin of this mutation.
Assuntos
Haplótipos , Hemoglobinas Anormais/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Globinas beta/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Saúde da Família , Genótipo , Humanos , ÍndiaRESUMO
Can non-neuroradiologists detect intracranial aneurysms as well as neuroradiologists, using CT and MR angiography? Sixty patients undergoing intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) to detect aneurysms also underwent computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Consensus review of IADSA by two neuroradiologists was the reference standard. Two neuroradiologists, a neurosurgeon, a neuroradiographer and a general radiologist blinded to IADSA, plain CT and clinical data, independently reviewed hard-copy base and reconstructed maximum intensity projection images of the CTA and MRA studies. Thirty patients had a total of 63 aneurysms, 71.4% were =5 mm in size. Compared with IADSA, mean accuracy per patient for neuroradiologists was CTA 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-0.94), and MRA 0.82 (0.70-0.90); for the other observers it was CTA 0.81 (0.75-0.86), and MRA 0.78 (0.71-0.84). Sensitivity per aneurysm for neuroradiologists was CTA 0.63 (0.50-0.75), and MRA 0.43 (0.6-0.74); for the other observers it was CTA 0.52 (0.44-0.59), and MRA 0.38 (0.31-0.45). Differences between readers and modalities were not statistically significant. Agreement with IADSA was "good" for neuroradiologists: kappa 0.73 for CTA, and 0.63 for MRA. For the other observers, agreement with IADSA was "moderate": kappa 0.59 for CTA, and 0.56 for MRA. Neuroradiologists performed consistently better than the other observers, although differences did not reach statistical significance.