Exploring New Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Characterization, and Multifaceted Analysis for Biomedical Applications.

The current work aims to generate novel Schiff bases by reacting substituted aldehydes with amine derivatives catalyzed by a natural acid. The developed compounds underwent diverse physicochemical analyses including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, differential thermogravimetric, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis techniques were employed in a nitrogen-free environment to determine kinetic parameters. These data were then used in model-free isoconversional methods (e.g., Friedman, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa). The Schiff bases were evaluated for their in vitro and in silico α-amylase inhibitory activity. Schiff base-2 displayed the highest inhibition compared with the reference drug acarbose. In comprehensive MTT assay cytotoxicity investigations, both Schiff bases showed strong anticancer capabilities against the human lung cancer cell line (A549). Moreover, this study demonstrated effectiveness of synthetic compounds in screening Caenorhabditis elegans for anti-Alzheimer's and stress resistance properties. The simplicity of its biology allowed precise evaluation of the effect of compounds on neuronal function and stress response. This research enhances drug discovery efforts for Alzheimer's and stress-related disorders, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal Investigation, Computational Studies, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Biological Activities of a New Schiff Base Derived from 2-Chloro Benzaldehyde and 3,3'-Dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine.

The current research involves the synthesis of a new Schiff base through the reaction between 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and 3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine by using a natural acid catalyst and a synthesized compound physicochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thermal studies were conducted using thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis, and differential thermogravimetric curves. These curves were obtained in an inert nitrogen environment from ambient temperature to 1263 K using heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 K·min-1. Using thermocurve data, model-free isoconversional techniques such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Friedman are used to determine kinetic parameters. These parameters include activation energy, phonon frequency factor, activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and Gibb's free energy change. All of the results have been thoroughly investigated. The molecule's anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties were also examined. To learn more about the potential of the Schiff base and how successfully it can suppress the amylase enzyme, a molecular docking experiment was also conducted. For in silico research, the Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity algorithms were used to calculate the theoretical pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, toxic effects, and biological activities of the synthesized molecule. Moreover, the cytotoxicity tests against a human lung cancer cell line (A549) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that the synthesized Schiff base exhibited significant anticancer properties.