RESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a liver malignancy that affects more than a million people worldwide with a complex multifactorial etiology. After the diagnosis of HCC is made, physicians establish management using the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guidelines revolving around tumor stage, liver function, performance status, and patient preferences. According to recent updates to these guidelines, thermal ablation is the second-best curative option apart from surgical resection for small HCC (< 2 cm). While thermal ablation is standard of care, recent studies have suggested that radiation segmentectomy (RS) has similar outcomes, limited hepatotoxicity, and ultimately a cost-efficient approach. Although there is limited literature on RS, this article compares ablation techniques against radiation segmentectomy for small HCC tumors.
RESUMO
Intracranial fungal granulomas can be misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as neoplastic lesions. They also rarely occur without any history of immunodeficiency or diabetes. We report two such cases of fungal granulomas that were unsuspected clinically and radiologically but were detected on intraoperative squash cytology (SC) and later confirmed on histopathology. Timely intervention was hence possible and patient was saved from the hazards of unnecessary removal of eloquent areas of brain and was shifted on proper medical management. SC remains an indispensible tool for the neurosurgeon to get a provisional intraoperative diagnosis and in such surprising scenarios, change the surgical management of the patient, save the resection of eloquent brain areas and begin immediate postoperative medical management. These cases are being presented for their rarity and for highlighting the importance of SC as a regular tool for intraoperative neurosurgical consultation of intracranial mass lesions.
