RESUMO
The incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) is very high in India and it increases day by day due to population aging and changing of life style. The current study scrutinized the trend analysis of gallbladder cancer of Dibrugarh district. The registered gallbladder cancer data for the period of 14 years, i.e., 2003-2016, is collected from Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR), Upper Assam. The Mann Kendall and Sen's Slop test is performed to analyze the gallbladder cancer data. A total of 716 number of patients with gallbladder cancer were included and overall gallbladder cancer was found highest among patients of age 50-70 years, accounting for 56.84% (n = 407). The disease was most common in females (69.13%) in comparison to males (30.87%) and most of the patients were from urban areas (66.89%). Majority (29.19%) of the patients had completed their primary education whereas 22.07% were illiterate. Mean of age at the time of diagnosis was 54.51 ± 12.29 years which was 57.43 ± 12.19 for male and 53.21 ± 12.13 for female. The time trends and patterns of gallbladder cancer have striking differences within the country as well as in the state of Assam. Large, focussed, inclusive studies are required in India to assess early detection and diagnosis of gallbladder cancer in the country.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reduction of multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis are priority development agenda worldwide. The SDGs aims to eradicate poverty in all forms (SDG 1.2) and to end tuberculosis (SDG 3.3.2) by 2030. While poverty is increasingly being measured across multiple domains, reduction of tuberculosis has been an integral part of public health programmes. Though literature suggests a higher prevalence of tuberculosis among the economically poor, no attempt has been made to understand the association between multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis in India. The objective of this paper is to examine the association of multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis in India. METHODS: The unit data from the National Family Health Survey-4, conducted in 2015-16 covering 628,900 households and 2,869,043 individuals across 36 states and union territories of India was used in the analysis. The survey collected information on the self-reported tuberculosis infection of each member of a sample household at the time of the survey. Multidimensional poverty was measured in the domains of education, health, and standard of living, with a set of 10 indicators. The prevalence of tuberculosis was estimated among the multidimensional poor and non-poor populations across the states of India. A binary logistic regression model was used to understand the association of tuberculosis and multidimensional poverty. RESULTS: Results suggest that about 29.3% population of India was multidimensional poor and that the multidimensional poverty index was 0.128. The prevalence of tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor was 480 (95% CI: 464-496) per 100,000 population compared to 250 (95% CI: 238-262) among the multidimensional non-poor. The prevalence of tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor was the highest in the state of Kerala (1590) and the lowest in the state of Himachal Pradesh (220). Our findings suggest a significantly higher prevalence of tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor compared to the multidimensional non-poor in most of the states in India. The odds of having tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor were 1.82 times higher (95% CI, 1.73-1.90) compared to the non-poor. Age, sex, smoking, crowded living conditions, caste, religion, and place of residence are significant socio-demographic risk factors of tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tuberculosis is significantly higher among the multidimensional poor compared to the multidimensional non-poor in India.
