RESUMO
Lead (Pb2+), a ubiquitously present heavy metal toxin, has various detrimental effects on memory and cognition. However, the molecular processes affected by Pb2+ causing structural and functional anomalies are still unclear. To explore this, we employed behavioral and proteomic approaches using rat pups exposed to lead acetate through maternal lactation from postnatal day 0 (P0) until weaning. Behavioral results from three-month-old rats clearly emphasized the early life Pb2+ exposure induced impairments in spatial cognition. Further, proteomic analysis of synaptosomal fractions revealed differential alteration of 289 proteins, which shows functional significance in elucidating Pb2+ induced physiological changes. Focusing on the association of Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO), a post-translational modification, with Pb2+ induced cognitive abnormalities, we identified 45 key SUMO target proteins. The significant downregulation of SUMO target proteins such as metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3), glutamate receptor isoforms 2 and 3 (GRIA 2 and GRIA3) and flotilin-1 (FLOT1) indicates SUMOylation at the synapses could contribute to and drive Pb2+ induced physiological imbalance. These findings identify SUMOylation as a vital protein modifier with potential roles in hippocampal memory consolidation and regulation of cognition. Data availbility: The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD034212".
RESUMO
Leiomyomas are classified as benign mesenchymal neoplasms and consist of smooth muscle cells with variable amounts of fibrous stroma. The tumors occur most frequently in the uterus, affecting 20%-30% of women of reproductive age, but vaginal leiomyomas are rare with only around 300 cases reported since the first case was described in 1733. These tumors are thought to arise from Müllerian smooth muscle cells in the subepithelium of the vagina. Here, we present a case of vaginal leiomyoma who presented as left vaginal wall mass.
RESUMO
A young male following road traffic accident (RTA) with head injury and parietal bleed was diagnosed with STEMI based on ECG findings which is rare occurrence. Coronary angiography showed thrombotic ostial occlusion of LAD. Successful primary angioplasty using thrombo-aspiration was done, in difficult clinical scenario. The case was challenging in terms of use of anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategy in a rare etiology of acute myocardial infarction following road traffic accident.
