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1.
Polymers (Basel) ; 16(16)2024 Aug 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39204478

RESUMO

Base isolators, traditionally made from natural rubber reinforced with steel sheets (SERIs), mitigate energy during seismic events, but their use in developing countries has been limited due to high cost and weight. To make them more accessible, lighter, cost-effective reinforcement fibers have been utilized. Additionally, the increasing use of natural rubber has caused waste storage and disposal issues, contributing to environmental pollution and disease spread. Exploring recycled rubber matrices as alternatives, this study improves seismic isolators' mechanical properties through modified reinforcements and layer adhesion. Eight reinforcement materials and eight adhesives, which may be activated with or without heat application, are systematically evaluated. Employing the chosen reinforcements and adhesives, prototypes are tested mechanically to examine their vertical and horizontal performance through cyclic compression and cyclic shear testing. Two innovative devices using recycled rubber matrices were developed, one using a layering technique and another through a monolithic approach shaped with heat and pressure. Both integrate a fiberglass mesh reinforced with epoxy resin; one employs a heat-activated hybrid adhesive, while the other uses a cold bonding adhesive. These prototypes exhibit potential in advancing seismic isolation technology for low-rise buildings in developing countries, highlighting the viability of recycled materials in critical structural applications.

2.
Arch Biochem Biophys ; 629: 54-62, 2017 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28720376

RESUMO

A comparative study of three synthetic peptides, namely neutral Cecropin D-like G. mellonella (WT) and two cationic peptides derived from its sequence, ΔM1 (+5) and ΔM2 (+9) is reported in this work. The influence of charge on the interactions between peptides and membranes and its effect on phase were studied by calorimetric assays. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that ΔM2 peptide showed the strongest effect when the membrane contained phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), increasing membrane fluidization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine lipid segregation in the presence of peptides. When WT and ΔM1 bound to model membrane containing PG and PC (1:1 molar ratio) a separation of both lipids was observed. Meanwhile, ΔM2 peptide also induced a demixing of PG-peptide rich domains separated from PC. FTIR experiments also suggested that the presence of ΔM1 and ΔM2 peptides increased lipid carbonyl group hydration in DMPG membrane fluid phase, However, hydration at the interface level in fluid phase was notably increased in the presence of WT and ΔM1 peptides in DMPC/DMPG. Overall the increase in positively charged residues favors the interaction of the peptides with the negatively charged membrane and its perturbation.


Assuntos
Bactérias/citologia , Cecropinas/química , Cecropinas/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Lepidópteros/química , Membranas Artificiais , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Ligação Proteica , Especificidade por Substrato
3.
J Antibiot (Tokyo) ; 70(3): 238-245, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27999446

RESUMO

Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune system against invading pathogens. The cationic charge in their structures has a strong correlation with antimicrobial activity, being responsible for the initial electrostatic interaction between peptides and the anionic microbial surface. This paper contains evidence that charge modification in the neutral peptide Gm cecropin D-like (WT) improved the antimicrobial activity of the modified peptides. Two cationic peptides derived from WT sequence named as ΔM1 and ΔM2, with net charge of +5 and +9, respectively, showed at least an eightfold increase in their antimicrobial activity in comparison to WT. The mechanism of action of these peptides was investigated using small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) as model membranes. To study permeabilization effects of the peptides on cell membranes, entrapped calcein liposomes were used and the results showed that all peptides induced calcein release from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG) SUVs, whereas in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), POPC/POPG and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE)/POPG SUVs, only ΔM1 and ΔM2 induced a notable permeabilization. In addition, interactions of these peptides with phospholipids at the level of the glycerol backbone and hydrophobic domain were studied through observed changes in generalized polarization and fluorescence anisotropy using probes such as Laurdan and DPH, respectively. The results suggest that peptides slightly ordered the bilayer structure at the level of glycerol backbone and on the hydrophobic core in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DMPG) SUVs, whereas in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)/DMPG SUVs, only ΔM1 and ΔM2 peptides increased the order of bilayers. Thus, peptides would be inducing clustering of phospholipids creating phospholipid domains with a higher phase transition temperature.


Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Mariposas/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoresceínas/metabolismo , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lipossomos , Fluidez de Membrana , Membranas Artificiais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peptídeos/química , Fosfatidilcolinas/química , Fosfatidilgliceróis/química , Fosfolipídeos/química
4.
Biomedica ; 36(1): 39-51, 2016 Mar 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27622437

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Toxocara canis is a pathogenic nematode of canines which can be accidentally transmitted to humans. Although serology is the most important diagnostic tool for this zoonosis, diagnostic kits use crude excretion/secretion antigens, most of them being glycoproteins which are not species-specific and may cross-react with antibodies generated against other parasites.  OBJECTIVES: To produce the rTES-30 recombinant antigen of Toxocara canis and evaluate it in the immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: The gene that codes for TES-30 was cloned in the expression vector pET28a (+) using single-stranded oligonucleotides united by PCR. The protein rTES-30 was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromotography. Seroreactivity of rTES-30 was evaluated by immunoblot. Given that there is no gold standard test, the behaviour of the antigen was compared with the method that is routinely used to immunodiagnose toxocariasis, i.e., the conventional ELISA technique using excretion/secretion antigens.  RESULTS: The rTES-30 was produced from an Escherichia coli LB culture which yielded 2.25 mg/L of the antigen with a purity of 95%. The results obtained showed 73% (46/63) concordance of reactivity between the rTES-30 immunoblot and the conventional ELISA, and 100% concordance with the nonreactive sera (21). Nineteen of the 21 sera positive for other parasitoses reacted with ELISA, while only seven of these were positive with the rTES-30 immunoblot. Concordance between the ELISA and the immunoblot was moderate (kappa coefficient: 0.575; 95% CI: 0.41- 0.74).  CONCLUSIONS: The data presented show the potential of the rTES-30 inmunoblot for confirmation of possible ELISA positives, not only in epidemiological studies, but also as a candidate for the development of diagnostic tests for ocular toxocariasis in Colombia.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/sangue , Immunoblotting , Toxocara canis/imunologia , Toxocaríase/diagnóstico , Animais , Antígenos de Helmintos/genética , Antígenos de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Bases , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Escherichia coli , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Genes Sintéticos , Humanos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/análise , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/isolamento & purificação , Solubilidade , Toxocaríase/sangue
5.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);36(1): 39-51, ene.-mar. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-779530

RESUMO

Introducción. Toxocara canis es un nematodo patógeno de cánidos que accidentalmente puede ser transmitido a los humanos. A pesar de la importancia de la serología para el diagnóstico de esta zoonosis, los kits diagnósticos usan antígenos crudos de excreción-secreción, en su mayoría glucoproteínas que no son específicas de especie, por lo cual pueden presentarse reacciones cruzadas con anticuerpos generados contra otros parásitos. Objetivos. Producir el antígeno recombinante TES-30 de T. canis y evaluarlo para el inmunodiagnóstico de la toxocariasis. Materiales y métodos. Se clonó el gen que codifica TES-30 en el vector de expresión pET28a (+), usando oligonucleótidos de cadena sencilla unidos mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La proteína rTES-30 se purificó por cromotografia de afinidad (Ni 2+ ). La reacción serológica de rTES-30 se evaluó mediante immunoblot . Teniendo en cuenta que no existe una prueba de referencia , se observó el comportamiento del antigeno en comparación con la prueba de rutina para el inmunodiagnóstico de la toxocariasis, es decir, la técnica ELISA convencional con antígenos de excreción-secreción. Resultados. El rTES-30 se produjo a partir de un cultivo de Escherichia coli LB, con un rendimiento de 2,25 mg/l y 95 % de pureza. La concordancia de la reacción entre el immunoblot rTES-30 y la ELISA convencional, fue de 73 % (46/63) y de 100 % con los 21 sueros no reactivos. De los 21 sueros con diagnóstico de otras parasitosis, 19 fueron reactivos con ELISA, mientras que tan solo siete fueron positivos con el immunoblot rTES-30. La concordancia entre la ELISA y el immunoblot fue moderada (índice kappa de 0,575; IC 95% 0,41-0,74). Conclusiones. Los datos presentados respaldan la utilidad del immunoblot r TES-3 0 para la confirmación de los posibles positivos por ELISA, no solo en los estudios epidemiológicos, sino también, como candidato para el desarrollo de pruebas diagnósticas de la toxocariasis ocular en Colombia.


Introduction: Toxocara canis is a pathogenic nematode of canines which can be accidentally transmitted to humans. Although serology is the most important diagnostic tool for this zoonosis, diagnostic kits use crude excretion/secretion antigens, most of them being glycoproteins which are not species-specific and may cross-react with antibodies generated against other parasites. Objectives: To produce the rTES-30 recombinant antigen of Toxocara canis and evaluate it in the immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis. Materials and methods: The gene that codes for TES-30 was cloned in the expression vector pET28a (+) using single-stranded oligonucleotides united by PCR. The protein rTES-30 was purified by Ni 2+ affinity chromotography. Seroreactivity of rTES-30 was evaluated by immunoblot. Given that there is no gold standard test, the behaviour of the antigen was compared with the method that is routinely used to immunodiagnose toxocariasis, i.e., the conventional ELISA technique using excretion/secretion antigens. Results: The rTES-30 was produced from an Escherichia coli LB culture which yielded 2.25 mg/L of the antigen with a purity of 95%. The results obtained showed 73% (46/63) concordance of reactivity between the rTES-30 immunoblot and the conventional ELISA, and 100% concordance with the non-reactive sera (21). Nineteen of the 21 sera positive for other parasitoses reacted with ELISA, while only seven of these were positive with the rTES-30 immunoblot. Concordance between the ELISA and the immunoblot was moderate (kappa coefficient: 0.575; 95% CI: 0.41- 0.74). Conclusions: The data presented show the potential of the rTES-30 inmunoblot for confirmation of possible ELISA positives, not only in epidemiological studies, but also as a candidate for the development of diagnostic tests for ocular toxocariasis in Colombia.


Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Toxocaríase/diagnóstico , Toxocara canis/imunologia , Antígenos de Helmintos/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Solubilidade , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/análise , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Sequência de Bases , Toxocaríase/sangue , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Escherichia coli , Genes Sintéticos , Antígenos de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos de Helmintos/genética
6.
Colomb. med ; 42(2): 154-165, abr.-jun. 2011. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-592449

RESUMO

Objective: To characterize the molecular and biochemical features of the Endonuclease G of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis.Methods: The gene of the putative L. (V.) panamensis Endonuclease G was amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The recombinant protein was produced in a heterologous expression system and biochemical assays were run to determine its ion, temperature, and pH preferences.Results: The L. (V.) panamensis rENDOG has biochemical features similar to those found in other trypanosomatids and higher eukaryotes. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed a possible evolutionary relationship with metazoan ENDOG.Conclusions: L. (V.) panamensis has a gene that codifies an ENDOG homologous to those of higher organisms. This enzyme can be produced in Escherichia coli and is able to degrade covalently closed circular double-stranded DNA. It has a magnesium preference, can be inhibited by potassium, and is able to function within a wide temperature and pH range.


Objetivo: Caracterizar molecular y bioquímicamente la Endonucleasa G (EndoG) de Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis.Métodos: El gen de la putativa Endonucleasa G de L. (V.) panamensis fue amplificado, clonado y secuenciado. La proteína recombinante se produjo en un sistema de expresión heterólogo y la proteína activa se sometió a pruebas bioquímicas para determinar la preferencia de iones, temperatura y pH.Resultados: La rEndoG de L. (V.) panamensis muestra características bioquímicas similares a aquellas descritas en otros trypanosomatidos y en eucariotas superiores. Además, los análisis filogenéticos muestran una posible relación evolutiva con la Endonucleasa G de metazoos.Conclusiones: Leishmania (V.) panamensis posee un gen que codifica para una endonucleasa homóloga a la EndoG de otros organismos superiores, que se puede producir de forma recombinante en Escherichia coli y que es capaz de degradar ADN circular cerrado de doble cadena. Tiene una preferencia por los iones magnesio y manganeso para usarlos como cofactor y es inhibida por el potasio. Además, funciona en un amplio rango de pH y temperatura.


Assuntos
Filogenia , Proteínas Recombinantes
7.
Exp Parasitol ; 112(2): 126-9, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16289088

RESUMO

We report the use of representational difference analysis to identify genes that have up-regulated expression in the amastigote life-cycle stage of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis. This simultaneous process of selection and amplification allowed the cloning of several specific DNA fragments. One of them shows a high percentage of similarity with histone H1 genes from other Trypanosomatids and, as expected, is up-regulated in the amastigote life-cycle stage. The gene is present in two copies that are expressed at different levels in promastigotes and also in amastigotes, which seems to be a consequence of their different 3' untranslated regions.


Assuntos
Clonagem Molecular/métodos , Histonas/genética , Leishmania guyanensis/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Northern Blotting , DNA Complementar/química , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/isolamento & purificação , Histonas/isolamento & purificação , Leishmania guyanensis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , RNA Mensageiro/química , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA de Protozoário/análise , Regulação para Cima
8.
Acta méd. colomb ; 26(2): 73-81, mar.-abr. 2001. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-358397

RESUMO

Objetivo. Revisar la literatura relacionada con la modulación de la expresión de los antígenos del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (MHC), con énfasis en los denominados clase II, durante infecciones intracelulares, y las posibles consecuencias de dicha modulación en la patología causada por la infección. Fuente de los datos. Se extrajeron resultados obtenidos de artículos originales acerca del tema de interés, publicados en las principales revistas de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, además de información obtenida de revisiones publicadas previamente por expertos en el área. Selección de los datos. Todos los datos fueron obtenidos de trabajos originales publicados durante los últimos 20 años, que abordaran experimentalmente el tema de las consecuencias de infecciones intracelulares sobre la expresión de los antígenos clase II del MHC, principalmente aquellos relacionados con las infecciones micobacterianas. Extracción de los datos. Se incluyeron aquellos datos que tuvieran relevancia en áreas como la regulación de la expresión de los antígenos del MHC, la trasducción de señales por la vía del interferón (IFN) yR, la fosforilación o defosforilación de tirosina, el control por diferentes citoquinas de la expresión de los antígenos del MHC, y las alteraciones de la expresión de los MHC en macrófagos por patógenos intracelulares. Síntesis de los datos. Los genes del MHC codifican moléculas críticas en la generación de la inmunidad adquirida, y por ende en el eficiente control de los patógenos intracelulares. El entendimiento reciente de los detallados mecanismos que regulan la expresión de los genes del MHC ha abierto una nueva vía para el entendimiento de cómo los patógenos intracelulares, incluyendo el Mycobacterium tuberculosis, agente causal de la tuberculosis en humanos, además de infecciones por virus o protozoarios, son capaces de modular negativamente componentes de la defensa del huésped. Más aún, la evidencia obtenida hasta el momento sugiere que un grupo diverso de microorganismos taxonómicamente distintos hayan desarrollado estrategias comunes para evadir el reconocimiento inmune por el huésped. Conclusiones...


Assuntos
Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/imunologia , Antígenos/imunologia , Infecções/imunologia , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade
9.
Iatreia ; Iatreia;11(1): 11-15, mar. 1998. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-427903

RESUMO

Se investigó el efecto del jugo clorofílico de germinado de maíz, con una dosis de 30 ml diarios durante dos meses, sobre el perfil lipídico, la glicemia, la uricemia, la hemoglobina y el hematocrito, en nueve adultos con edad promedio de 44 años y que presentaban hipertrigliceridemia como trastorno principal. Las concentraciones promedio iniciales en mgl dl que eran de 6.9 (ácido úrico), 259 (triglicéridos) y 199 (colesterol total) descendieron en forma progresiva y significativa a los 30, 45 y 60 días de tratamiento hasta valores respectivos de 5.0, 171 y 169 (p = 0.010,0.015 y 0.034 respectivamente). La hemoglobina ascendió de manera progresiva y significativa (p = 0.008) durante el experimento. Este tratamiento natural podría ser útil en la regulación de los lípidos sanguíneos y otros factores biológicos de riesgo para el desarrollo de ateromatosis coronaría, sin los efectos tóxicos que se han demostrado con algunas drogas hipolipemiantes.


The effect was studied of clorophilic juice from germinated corn on blood seric lipids, uric acid, glucose, hemoglobine and hematocrite. Nine adults with average age 44 years and who presented hypertriglyceridemia received daily 30 ml doses of the juice during 2 months. Initial average concentrations in mg/dl were 6.9 (uric acid), 259 (triglycerides) and 199 (total cholesterol); they decreased progressively and significantly at 30, 45 and 60 days of treatment reaching values of 5.0, 171 and 169 respectively (p:0.01 0,0.015 and 0.034). Hemoglobin increased significantly (p:0.008). This natural treatment could be useful in regulating blood lipids and other biologic risk factors for coronary arteriosclerosis, without the toxic efects shown by some lipid control drugs.


Assuntos
Hemoglobinas , Hipertrigliceridemia , Ácido Úrico , Hipolipemiantes
10.
Santa Cruz; . ilus, tab.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LIBOCS, LIBOPI | ID: biblio-1296226

RESUMO

El presente trabajo trata de sistematizar los datos y cuya información pueda ayudar a tomar decisiones o estrategias que vayan en beneficio de las metas y objetivos del programa de apoyo y fomento a la producción agrícola, pecuaria y forestal que brinda APCOB a las comunidades indigenas

11.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra; . tab. (Donación).
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LIBOCS, LIBOPI | ID: biblio-1296247

RESUMO

En este trabajo se analizará en forma detallada los sistemas de producción agrícola (maní y frejol) como apícola en las zonas de Concepción y Lomerío respectivamente, desde el punto de vista de su impacto económico, usando criterios de evaluación acorde con las circunstancias propias de los productores. Por lo general los productores disponen de mano de obra familiar y de un pedazo de tierra que puede ser o no suficiente para entregar un ingreso que vaya acorde a la realidad en que viven. Sin embargo, la posibilidad de combinar estos dos factores, los cuales están supeditados por otros factores, pudiendo ser la disponibilidad de tecnología, lo que lleva la necesidad de capital de operación, o sea el capital disponible para los gastos en efectivo de los insumos o equipos que son necesarios para implementar la nueva tecnología. En términos generales, la tecnología como el sistema de crédito que se busca a través de los proyectos de APCOB, es transferido a los productores que se caracterizan fundamentalmente por su vinculación a la explotación agrícola y apícola, ya sea con su fuerza de trabajo o su forma de tenencia que le otorga la capacidad de tomar decisiones, asumir riesgos e incorporar capital en la actividad productiva. Con este marco, el productor se inserta dentro de la unidad familiar que cumple funciones sociales, económicas y de consumo. Aquí es importante resaltar la doble función de producción

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