RESUMO
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (PHI) is a major risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric deficits later in life. We previously reported that after prolonged PHI, the dopaminergic neurons of the human neonate showed a dramatic reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra, without important signs of neuronal degeneration despite the significant reduction in their cell size. Since microglia activation could precede neuronal death, we now investigated 2 microglia activation markers, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the phagocytosis marker Cd68. The highest Iba1 immunoreactivity was found in neonates with neuropathological lesions of severe/abrupt PHI, while the lowest in subjects with moderate/prolonged or older PHI. Subjects with very severe/prolonged or chronic PHI showed an increased Iba1 expression and very activated microglial morphology. Heavy attachment of microglia on TH neurons and remarkable expression of Cd68 were also observed indicating phagocytosis in this group. Females appear to express more Iba1 than males, suggesting a gender difference in microglia maturation and immune reactivity after PHI insult. PHI-induced microglial "priming" during the sensitive for brain development perinatal/neonatal period, in combination with genetic or other epigenetic factors, could predispose the survivors to neuropsychiatric disorders later in life, possibly through a sexually dimorphic way.
Assuntos
Mesencéfalo , Microglia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Hipóxia/patologia , Recém-Nascido , Isquemia/metabolismo , Isquemia/patologia , Masculino , Mesencéfalo/patologia , Microglia/patologia , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
FOXP3+ regulatory T-cell (Tregs) detection in renal allograft biopsies has been associated with a less intense immune response. Data about FOXP3+ Tregs' presence and role in primary glomerulopathies of native kidneys are minimal. We comparatively studied the immunohistochemical expression of FOXP3+ Tregs, CD4+ and CD3+ T cells in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and membranous glomerulopathy (MGN). We retrospectively reviewed 71 renal biopsies (28 from patients with IgAN, 22 from patients with FSGS and 21 from patients with MGN) performed with proteinuria as the main indication. FOXP3+ Tregs and CD4+ and CD3+ T cells in inflammatory cell infiltrates of the interstitial tissue and periglomerular space were automatically counted using image analysis software. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were applied for statistical analysis. Nuclear FOXP3+ immunohistochemical expression was observed in T cells in 64% of IgAN cases, 77% of FSGS cases, and 76% of MGN cases (p > 0.05). Absolute FOXP3+ Tregs count in the interstitial tissue was higher in patients without arteriolar hyalinosis than in those with arteriolar hyalinosis (1.814 ± 2.160 vs. 831 ± 696; p = 0.029). In patients with a high FOXP3+/CD4+ ratio in the interstitial tissue, the odds ratio for CKD-EPI eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at biopsy was 4.80 (95% CI: 1.29-17.91; p = 0.019). FOXP3+ Tregs intrarenal infiltration in primary glomerulopathies is common. FOXP3+ Tregs' increased expression may be associated with milder histological lesions. High FOXP3+/CD4+ ratio in the interstitial tissue may have prognostic significance for renal function preservation.
RESUMO
Chronic exposure of workers to powder containing crystalline silica (Silicon dioxide; SiO2) can lead to chronic lung diseases (lung cancer, silicosis, etc.). Aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of Greek construction workers to SiO2 and describe their pulmonary function. The study involved 86 outdoor and underground workers. Medical and professional history was obtained, and breath samples were collected at morning hours through a mask for the determination of SiO2 levels. Pulmonary function tests, radiological examination and evaluation of radiographs were also performed. Pulmonary function examination showed that the majority of the workers were within normal range (61.4%) while the rest were diagnosed with mild (26.5%) and more severe impairment (7.24%). Working conditions (underground-outdoor) were statistically significantly related to the categorization of pulmonary function (P=0.038). During radiological examination, the type of working activity/ conditions (underground-outdoor) were statistically significantly related to the categorization of these findings (P=0.044). Of the 69 employees, 52 did not present findings (75.4%) and 5 were diagnosed with findings specific to occupational diseases (7.23%). Environmental exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) was detected at 0.0125 mg/m3 in the workplace, which is not beyond the legal limits. Underground workers with more than 15 years of exposure to SiO2 are more likely to present chronic silicosis compared to the workers of outdoor activities.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In transplantation surgery, the ischaemic organ and reperfusion impairment after cold storage remains a considerable risk factor for impaired function and potential failure of the grafted organ. Substantial logistical efforts have been undertaken to reduce the cold ischaemic time because the demand for available transplant organs and the periods of cold ischaemia are increasing. METHODS: Four molecules were investigated (erythropoietin, sildenafil, lazaroid [U74389G], octreotide) in individual intravenous infusions 1 hour before the organ was harvested. This study was performed in 30 healthy landrace/large-white pigs (male; >10 weeks old; average weight, 22 ± 2 kg) in groups of six. The organs were studied at harvest, and at 8 and 24 hours post-harvest. RESULTS: The lazaroid molecule increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and pancreas at 8 hours. Hepatic lazaroid molecules improved liver histology at 8 and 24 hours. For kidneys, erythropoietin had a positive effect at 24 hours post-harvest. For the pancreas, octreotide showed better performance. In the lungs, there was less interstitial oedema with erythropoietin and lazaroid compared with the control group at 8 hours post-harvest. CONCLUSION: All molecules had a positive effect and decreased ischaemia/reperfusion graft injury. Thus, pretreatment before organ harvest has a beneficial role.
Assuntos
Pregnatrienos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Animais , Antioxidantes , Pulmão , Masculino , Malondialdeído , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , SuínosAssuntos
Betacoronavirus , Cromossomos Humanos X/genética , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pulmão , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/patologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/fisiologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/virologia , Masculino , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/patologia , Pneumonia Viral/fisiopatologia , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of acute liver injury (ALI). Acetaminophen (also termed paracetamol), can often be found in drugs that may be abused (i.e., prescription for pain relief). Animal experiments have shown that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can ameliorate or even reverse hepatic injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ALI was induced in Wistar rats using paracetamol. ATSCs were transplanted via the intravenous, portal vein, or intrahepatic route directly onto the liver parenchyma. Histological evaluation was conducted to assess drug-induced injury following transplantation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to verify the location of stem cells on the liver parenchyma. The effect of those cells on liver regeneration was tested by immunohistochemistry for hepatic growth factor (HGF). In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess hepatic growth factor (HGF), hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA expression. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for HGF was stronger in the transplanted groups than that in the control group (P<0.001). HNF4α and HGF mRNA levels were increased on day 7 following transplantation (P<0.001 and P=0.009, respectively). CYP1A2 mRNA levels were also increased (P=0.013) in the intravenous groups, while AFP levels were higher in the intrahepatic groups (P=0.006). ATSC transplantation attenuates ALI injury and promotes liver regeneration. Furthermore, expression of specific hepatic enzymes points to ATSC hepatic differentiation. CONCLUSION: The study showed the positive effects of transplanted adipose tissue stem cells (ATSCs) on liver regeneration (LG) through hepatotrophic factors. Furthermore, increased expression of hepatic specific proteins was recorded in ATSC transplanted groups that indicate stem cells differentiation into hepatic cells.
RESUMO
Our previous postmortem studies on neonates with neuropathological injury of perinatal hypoxia/ischemia (PHI) showed a dramatic reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression (dopamine synthesis enzyme) in substantia nigra (SN) neurons, with reduction of their cellular size. In order to investigate if the above observations represent an early stage of SN degeneration, we immunohistochemically studied the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (CCP3), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and DNA fragmentation by using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin 3'-end-labeling (TUNEL) technique in the SN of 22 autopsied neonates (corrected age ranging from 34 to 46.5 gestational weeks), in relation to the severity/duration of PHI injury, as estimated by neuropathological criteria. No CCP3-immunoreactive neurons and a limited number of apoptotic TUNEL-positive neurons with pyknotic characteristics were found in the SN. Nuclear AIF staining was revealed only in few SN neurons, indicating the presence of early signs of AIF-mediated degeneration. By contrast, motor neurons of the oculomotor nucleus showed higher cytoplasmic AIF expression and nuclear translocation, possibly attributed to the combined effect of developmental processes and increased oxidative stress induced by antemortem and postmortem factors. Our study indicates the activation of AIF, but not CCP3, in the SN and oculomotor nucleus of the human neonate in the developmentally critical perinatal period.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Biomarcadores/análise , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Mesencéfalo/patologia , Fator de Indução de Apoptose/análise , Autopsia , Caspase 3/análise , Fragmentação do DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Neurônios Motores/patologia , Nervo Oculomotor/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Substância Negra/patologiaRESUMO
Purpose of the study: Tissue reconstruction after burns, tumor excisions, infections or injuries is a frequent surgical challenge to avoid Ischemia-reperfusion injury. Lazaroids and sildenafil, through their mechanisms of action, have been studied for their protective effects on various organs subjected to IRI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of U-74389G and sildenafil in a swine model of ischemia and reperfusion injury of latissimus dorsi flap. Materials and methods: Forty-two Landrace male pigs, weighing 28-35 kg, were equally (n = 6) randomized into the following groups: (a) Group I: control, (b) Group II: administration of U-74389G after ischemia, (c) Group III: administration of sildenafil after ischemia, (d) Group IV: administration of U-74389G and sildenafil after ischemia, (e) Group V: administration of U-74389G prior to ischemia, (f) Group VI: administration of sildenafil prior to ischemia, and (g) Group VII: administration of U-74389G and sildenafil prior to ischemia. Blood and tissue sampling was conducted before ischemia, 15 and 30 min after occlusion, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after reperfusion. Results: Statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) was detected in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes concentrations as well as in the appearance of edema after histopathologic evaluation of the ischemic tissue, especially in the groups of combined treatment. Measurements of malondialdeyde and tumour necrosis factor alpha in tissues revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) of these markers in the treatment groups when compared to the control, particularly in the latest estimated timepoints. Conclusions: The synergistic action of U-74389G and sildenafil seems protective and promising in cases of flap IRI during tissue reconstruction surgery.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Pregnatrienos/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Citrato de Sildenafila/farmacologia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/irrigação sanguínea , Animais , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pregnatrienos/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Citrato de Sildenafila/uso terapêutico , Músculos Superficiais do Dorso/irrigação sanguínea , Músculos Superficiais do Dorso/patologia , Músculos Superficiais do Dorso/transplante , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/patologia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/transplante , Suínos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Metastatic disease in colorectal cancer represents a major cause of significant cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. L1CAM is a stem cell marker, cell adhesion molecule, belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (IgCAM) and it is aberrantly expressed in several different types of human solid tumors. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression patterns of L1CAM and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer.Patients and methods: Surgical specimens of 109 patients with primary resectable colorectal cancer were examined for L1CAM expression via immunohistochemistry and the results were correlated with clinical and survival data.Results: L1CAM expression was significantly correlated with advanced stage of disease (p < .001), higher T classification (p = .040), the presence of lymph node (p < .001) and distant metastasis (p = .011). Patients displaying high L1CAM expression demonstrated a dismal three-year progression free survival (29.7% vs 87.1%, p < .001) and five-year overall survival (39.9% vs 87.7%, p < .001). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard models revealed high L1CAM expression as a prognostic marker of dismal progression free (HR 0.187, 95%CI = 0.075-0.467, p < .0001) and overall survival (HR 0.154, 95%CI = 0.049-0.483, p = .001) independent of other clinicopathological characteristics. Subgroup analysis comprised of patients with early stage disease only presented as well significantly worse progression free and overall survival when L1CAM exhibited high expression.Conclusions: Colorectal cancer patients displaying high expression of L1CAM harbor high risk for metastasis already in early stage disease identifying therefore a group of patients prone to dismal prognosis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Molécula L1 de Adesão de Célula Nervosa/biossíntese , Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Molécula L1 de Adesão de Célula Nervosa/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Medição de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its cardiometabolic alterations are closely associated with visceral obesity. Patients with OSA frequently present with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Although these subjective symptoms of OSA are the result of complex biological dysregulation, it remains unclear if they have a direct effect on the dysfunction of adipose tissue. Methods: In a pilot, prospective, randomized study, we evaluated 10 recently diagnosed male patients with severe OSA by full polysomnography (PSG) and 4 male non-apneic subjects matched for age and body mass index (BMI) with abdomen adipose tissue biopsies. Subjects with diabetes/prediabetes and cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases and who are current smokers were excluded. All patients underwent anthropometric measurements and completed the following questionnaires: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D). Fasting venous blood samples were collected on the day after PSG, between 8:00 and 9:00 a.m., after an overnight fast. Fat biopsies were performed at the same time periods and adipose tissue samples of 300 mg were obtained from abdominal fat. Fat cell size, extent of fibrosis, vascularity, leukocyte common antigen inflammatory infiltration, and tissue macrophage accumulation were microscopically evaluated. Results: The mean age of the group was 47.4 ± 13.8 years, with mean BMI of 35.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and mean apnea-hypopnea index of 79.4 ± 46.1 events per hour of sleep (severe OSA). HADS-A and HADS-D scores were 5.8 ± 2.3 (3.0-8.0) and 4.7 ± 2.3 (2.0-8.0), respectively. HADS-A score correlated positively with macrophage accumulation in fat biopsy (r = 0.82, p = 0.047), whereas ESS, FSS, and HADS-D did not. Severity of fibrosis correlated largely with waist circumference (r = -0.66, p = 0.038) and neck circumference (r = -0.790, p = 0.006). Respiratory events correlated negatively with the extent of vascularization of adipose tissue (r = -0.614, p = 0.05). Conclusions: In the preliminary results of our pilot study, we assessed that the symptoms of anxiety mainly contribute to macrophage accumulation, whereas the increased number of respiratory events reduces the extent of vascularization in visceral fat in OSA. Based on this observation, further larger studies are required to verify if anxious OSA patients are more vulnerable to the metabolic manifestations of the syndrome.
RESUMO
Reactive oxygen species have a key role in liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, the effect of the anti-oxidant compound lazaroid U-74389G in preventing liver I/R injury was investigated in a swine model. Ischemia was produced by portal vein occlusion. Two sets of experiments were performed, each with two groups (n=7 per group). In the first group, the potential protective effect of an intracaval injection of U-74389G after a 30-min ischemia, followed by a 60-min reperfusion period was assessed (biopsies at 0, 15, 30 and 90 min experimental time). In the second set, the effect of intracaval U-74389G injection after 30 min of ischemia, followed by a longer reperfusion period of 120 min was determined (biopsies at 0, 15, 30 and 150 min experimental time). Liver malondialdehyde, hepatocyte vacuolation-degeneration, venous congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, sinus congestion-dilation and Chiu score of intestinal damage were determined at up to 150 min of reperfusion. In the second set of experiments, the Chiu score of intestinal damage was improved by the administration of U-74389G (3.17±0.40 vs. 4.33±0.21; P=0.030). However, in the two sets of experiments, the liver inflammatory reaction was more pronounced in the U-74389G groups (P=0.017 for the first set, P=0.021 for the second set). No significant effect of U-74389G on any other parameters was detected. In conclusion, intestinal damage due to portal venous congestion and reflow appears to be mitigated by the lazaroid U-74389G; however, intracaval administration of U-74389G does not appear to exert any protective effects against liver I/R-induced inflammation.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer stem cells are considered to be a major cause of disease recurrence in breast cancer as they appear to be chemoresistant. Fascin-1 and MAP17 are stem cell markers whose excessive expression in tumors is associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression patterns of fascin-1 and MAP17 in breast cancer and to assess their clinical significance. METHODS: Expression of fascin-1 and MAP17 was assessed via immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens of a cohort comprised of 127 patients with resectable breast cancer. Results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival data. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the primary outcome of the present study. RESULTS: Fascin-1 and MAP17 expression were strongly associated with the presence of triple-negative cancers (p < 0.0001). Tumors displaying high expression of fascin-1 presented correlations with high tumor grade (p = 0.002) and high expression of Ki-67 (p = 0.004). PFS of patients exhibiting high expression of fascin-1 and MAP17 in cancer cells in the first 5 years after surgery was significantly worse than in patients with low expression of the two markers (47.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 33-51 vs. 80.5%, 95% CI 47-56; p = 0.012) and independent of other clinicopathological characteristics (hazard ratio 0.171, 95% CI 0.034-0.869; p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Combined expression of fascin-1 and MAP17 in breast cancer cells is associated with a significantly worse 5-year PFS, therefore recognizing a group of patients with high risk for early disease recurrence.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in therapy of colorectal cancer, some patients will present occurrence of recurrence either locally or distantly. Tumor metastasis constitutes the major cause of cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Nectin-1 belongs to the family of immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules that contribute to the formation of cell-cell adhesions and regulate a series of cellular activities including cell polarization, differentiation, movement, proliferation, and survival. Expression of Nectin-1 in malignant tumors has been associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess Nectin-1 expression patterns in colorectal cancer and to investigate its clinical significance. METHODS: Nectin-1 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens of a cohort comprised of 111 patients with primary resectable colorectal cancer. Results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival data. Progression-free survival was defined as the primary outcome of the present study. RESULTS: Nectin-1 was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of colorectal cancer cells. High Nectin-1 expression was associated with advanced stage of disease (p = 0.012) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007). Progression-free survival of patients exhibiting high expression of Nectin-1 in the first 36 months after surgery was significantly worse compared to patients with low expression of Nectin-1 (55.7%, 95% CI = 47-70, vs. 82.1%, 95% CI = 69-93, p = 0.014) and independent of other clinicopathological characteristics (HR = 0.389, 95% CI = 0.156-0.972, p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Nectin-1 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with a significantly worse 3-year progression-free survival identifying therefore a group of patients with high risk for early disease recurrence.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Nectinas/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: p16 (gene locus: 9p21) tumor suppressor gene is considered an important biomarker for the progression and prognosis in a variety of malignancies and pre-cancerous lesions, including high-risk (HR-) human papilloma virus (HPV)-mediated squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), based on cytological and the corresponding cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) histopathological categorization. p16 acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor negatively regulating the cell cycle. In persistent HPV infection, E7 oncogenic protein binds retinoblastoma protein leading to its proteolytic transformation, also triggering E2F dissociation, which increases DNA transcription and progression to S phase. This mechanism promotes aberrant p16 over-expression. Our aim was to comparatively analyze p16 protein expression patterns in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) and also in SILs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty (n=50) primary LSCCs tissues all non-HPV-dependent, and a set of 50 liquid-based SILs, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Concerning the screening process in cytological slides, a novel real-time reference and calibration grid platform was implemented and employed. RESULTS: Decreased protein expression was observed in 34/50 (68%) tissues regarding LSCCs. Overall p16 expression was associated to smoking status of the patients (p=0.001), and also with the p-stage of the examined malignancies (p=0.033). A strong statistical significance was assessed correlating LSIL/HSIL cases with a progressive p16 over expression (p=0.001), also reflecting a higher CIN diagnosis (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: p16 down-regulation is a frequent genetic event in LSCCs, which is associated with advanced disease. In contrast to this, p16 over-expression triggered by a specific molecular mechanism shows a strong relationship with a progressively aggressive phenotype due to upgraded SIL/CIN cervical categorization. The first described application of the grid platform demonstrated a considerable improvement in the immunocytochemistry slide screening process enhancing the diagnostic reliability.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/metabolismo , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas Cervicais/metabolismo , Displasia do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patologia , Masculino , Prognóstico , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas Cervicais/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malignant cells exhibit significant resistance to FAS-mediated cell death, through different processes, including FAS mutations, soluble FAS expression, or FAS transcriptional dysregulation by P53, eventually escaping from immune surveillance. Since thyroid carcinomas were shown to be resistant to FAS-mediated apoptosis, we investigated the above mechanisms in thyroid carcinoma samples. METHODS: Thirty-seven thyroid carcinoma samples were analyzed for mutations in FAS exon 9 and TP53 exons 5-8 and protein expression by means of immunohistochemistry. Moreover, thyroid carcinoma mRNA samples were subjected to reverse transcription - PCR, to evaluate the relative expression of transmembrane FAS versus its soluble form. RESULTS: Analysis revealed indications for TP53 mutations in the anaplastic carcinomas, but not in the other thyroid specimens examined for TP53 or FAS exon 9 mutations. FAS receptor expression was observed in almost all thyroid specimens (97%) with significant up-regulation in papillary carcinomas. P53 nuclear staining was observed only in anaplastic carcinomas. Full-length FAS mRNA was detected in all specimens examined, with soluble FAS mRNA being either absent or present in very low amounts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results denote that FAS death domain or TP53 DNA-binding domain mutations, down-regulation of FAS receptor expression, or expression of FAS soluble isoform are not responsible for the seeming inhibition of FAS-mediated apoptosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells.
Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Carcinoma Papilar/metabolismo , Mutação/genética , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/metabolismo , Receptor fas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adulto Jovem , Receptor fas/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Neoangiogenesis is pathophysiologically related to atherosclerotic plaque growth and vulnerability. We examined the in vivo performance of a computational method using contrast-enhanced intravascular ultrasound (CE-IVUS) to detect and quantify aortic wall neovascularization in rabbits. We also compared these findings with histological data. METHODS: Nine rabbits were fed with a hyperlipidemic diet. IVUS image sequences were continuously recorded before and after the injection of a contrast agent. Mean enhancement of intensity of a region of interest (MEIR) was calculated using differential imaging algorithm. The percent difference of MEIR before and after the injection of microbubbles (d_MEIR) was used as an index of the density of plaque or/and adventitial neovascularization. Aortic segments were excised for histological analysis. RESULTS: CE-IVUS and histological analysis were performed in 11 arterial segments. MEIR was significantly increased (~20%) after microbubble injection (from 8.1±0.9 to 9.7±1.8, p=0.016). Segments with increased VV/neovessels in the tunica adventitia (histological scores 2 and 3) had significantly higher d_MEIR compared with segments with low presence of VV/neovessels (score 1); 40.5±22.9 vs. 8±14.6, p=0.024, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is possible to detect VV or neovessels in vivo using computational analysis of CE-IVUS images, which is in agreement with histological data. These findings may have critical implications on vulnerable plaque assessment and risk stratification.
Assuntos
Neovascularização Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasa Vasorum/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Meios de Contraste , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Neovascularização Patológica/fisiopatologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/fisiopatologia , Coelhos , Ultrassonografia , Vasa Vasorum/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Pterygium is a distinct clinicopathological entity characterized by degenerated and neoplastic-like features. Concerning its rise on normal conjunctiva epithelia, the role of specific gene deregulations including apoptotic/anti-apoptotic factors and significant suppressor genes in signaling transduction pathways is under investigation. In the current study, we co-analyzed p53, survivin and PTEN proteins in pterygia and normal conjunctiva. METHODS: Using a liquid-based cytology assay, 50 cell specimens were obtained by a smooth scraping on conjunctiva epithelia and fixed accordingly. Among them, 38 were pterygia and the remaining (n=12) normal epithelia (control group). Immunocytochemistry assays were implemented on the corresponding slides by applying ani-p53, survivin, and PTEN antibodies. Digital image analysis was performed for evaluating objectively the corresponding immunostaining intensity levels. RESULTS: The majority of the examined pterygia cases overexpressed the markers p53:22/38-57.9%, survivin:30/38-78.9%, and PTEN:25/38-65.7%. Interestingly, overall p53/PTEN co-expression was found to be statistically significant (p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Survivin overexpression leads to an increased anti-apoptotic activity playing a central molecular role in the pathogenesis and progression of pterygia. Furthermore, although p53 expression is observed in these lesions, its impact seems to be low compared to survivin's influence on them. Additionally, the role of PTEN in the process is potentially significant providing a suppressor balance to the p53/ survivin complex.
Assuntos
PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismo , Pterígio/metabolismo , Survivina/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Apoptose/fisiologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Túnica Conjuntiva/anormalidades , Túnica Conjuntiva/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) present a promising therapeutic method to alleviate liver failure (LF). The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of undifferentiated ADSC transplantation on liver regeneration and on the expression of liver regeneration- and liver-specific genes, following 60% partial hepatectomy (PHx). METHODS: Sixty female rats were subjected to PHx and were transplanted with 106 or 2 × 106 ADSCs, either into the portal vein (PV) or into the hepatic parenchyma. Animals of the control group were not transplanted and served as controls. Animals were sacrificed on the 4th, the 7th, or the 15th postoperative day (POD). RESULTS: The transplanted ADSCs were successfully engrafted into the liver parenchyma and ameliorated the histopathologic damage on the 7th and 15th POD. All transplanted animals demonstrated a significantly higher liver regeneration rate on the 4th and 7th POD, compared with the control group. The expression of hepatocyte growth factor, α-fetoprotein, tyrosine aminotransferase, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a, and cytochrome P450 1A2 was significantly upregulated, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although undifferentiated, ADSC transplantation significantly enhanced the liver regeneration process. These findings may be proven clinically valuable, especially in cases of acute LF.
RESUMO
TNF-related, apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) apoptotic pathway constitutes a promising therapeutic target due to high selectivity and low toxicity of TRAIL targeting agents when administered in combination therapies. 106 colorectal cancers were examined for: relative mRNA expression of TRAIL pathway genes, decoy receptors TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 promoter methylation and the presence of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations. Elevated mRNA levels were observed in 26%, 15%, 13%, 12% and 10% of the cases for TRAIL-R4, TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL genes respectively. Reduced mRNA levels were detected in 77%, 65%, 64%, 60% and 37% of the cases for TRAIL, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R4 genes respectively. TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 promoter methylation was detected in 55% and 16% of the analysed samples respectively. TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2 elevated relative mRNA levels inversely correlated with tumor stage (pâ¯=â¯.036, pâ¯=â¯.048). Strong linear correlations of TRAIL receptors' mRNA levels were found: TRAIL-R1/TRAIL-R2 (Râ¯=â¯0.653, pâ¯<â¯.001), TRAIL-R2/TRAIL-R3 (Râ¯=â¯0.573, pâ¯<â¯.001). Finally, relative expression of TRAIL was correlated with KRAS, BRAF and NRAS mutation status, defining an inverse correlation between increased TRAIL expression and the absence of mutations in Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In conclusion, simultaneous analysis of TRAIL pathway membrane components, pointed towards a significant deregulation of mRNA expression in colorectal tumours. Death receptor overexpression was an indicator of a less aggressive phenotype. The multiple expression patterns of TRAIL pathway components in colorectal tumours underscore the importance of patient selection in order to achieve maximum efficiency with TRAIL targeted therapy.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/genética , Receptores do Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/biossíntese , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/biossíntese , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Receptores do Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/análise , Receptores do Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/análise , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/genética , TranscriptomaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Studies have focused on heat shock protein (Hsp) inhibitors as potential treatment agents in breast cancer, with controversial results. Adopting a pathophysiological perspective, this systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence examining the association between Hsp70/Hsp90 expression and breast cancer prognosis, as well as prognosis-related clinicopathological indices. Secondarily, changes in Hsp70/Hsp90 expression in the continuum of breast neoplasia were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hsp70/Hsp90 expression was approached globally, quantified by means of immunohistochemistry, western blot or PCR. This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were sought in PubMed, up to December 31, 2015. RESULTS: A total of 23 eligible studies were identified (7,288 breast cancer cases). High Hsp90 expre s sion was associated with worse overall survival (pooled RR=1.48, 95%CI=1.21-1.82) and marginally with worse disease-free survival. High Hsp70 expression also correlated with worse disease-free survival (pooled RR=1.77, 95%CI=1.71-2.82). Hsp70 intense expression correlated with ER positivity (pooled OR=3.51, 95%CI=1.31-9.40) and PR positivity (pooled OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.39-4.44). No significant associations were noted between Hsp70/Hsp90 expression and clinicopathological variables including histological grade, tumor size, nodal metastasis or patient age at diagnosis. No clear pattern emerged for Hsp70/Hsp90 expression along the breast neoplasia continuum. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the prognostic role of Hsp90 and Hsp70 expression in breast cancer. Further high-quality studies, with detailed reporting are needed to provide epidemiological evidence complementing the findings of ongoing clinical trials on Hsp inhibitors.