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2.
Nature ; 563(7732): 493-500, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30464269

RESUMO

Lighting based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) not only is more energy efficient than traditional lighting, but also enables improved performance and control. The colour, intensity and distribution of light can now be controlled with unprecedented precision, enabling light to be used both as a signal for specific physiological responses in humans and plants, and as an efficient fuel for fresh food production. Here we show how a broad and improved understanding of the physiological responses to light will facilitate greater energy savings and provide health and productivity benefits that have not previously been associated with lighting.


Assuntos
Agricultura/instrumentação , Alimentos , Saúde , Iluminação/instrumentação , Iluminação/métodos , Fótons , Agricultura/métodos , Animais , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Ritmo Circadiano/efeitos da radiação , Conservação de Recursos Energéticos , Eficiência/fisiologia , Eficiência/efeitos da radiação , Olho/efeitos da radiação , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Iluminação/economia , Iluminação/história , Células Fotorreceptoras de Vertebrados/fisiologia , Células Fotorreceptoras de Vertebrados/efeitos da radiação , Fototerapia
3.
Biomed Res Int ; 2018: 5621609, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29992153

RESUMO

This paper presents a case study of Beyond Bushfires, a large, multisite, mixed method study of the psychosocial impacts of major bushfires in Victoria, Australia. A participatory approach was employed throughout the study which was led by a team of academic investigators in partnership with service providers and government representatives and used on-site visits and multiple methods of communication with communities across the state to inform decision-making throughout the study. The ethics and impacts of conducting and adapting the approach within a post-disaster context will be discussed in reference to theories and models of participatory health research. The challenges of balancing local interests with state-wide implications will also be explored in the description of the methods of engagement and the study processes and outcomes. Beyond Bushfires demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating participatory methods in large, post-disaster research studies and achieving rigorous findings and multilevel impacts, while recognising the potential for some of the empowering aspects of the participatory experience to be reduced by the scaled-up approach.


Assuntos
Planejamento em Desastres , Ética , Incêndios , Desastres , Pesquisa , Vitória
4.
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng ; 7: 263-81, 2016 Jun 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27023662

RESUMO

After decades of research and development on fabrication of efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) throughout the visible spectrum, LED-based lighting has reached unparalleled performance with respect to energy efficiency and has become the light source for virtually all new lighting products being designed today. The development of the core light sources and their subsequent integration into lighting systems continue to present unique challenges and opportunities for product designers. We review these systems and the current development status, as well as provide context for the trends in solid state lighting that are leading to the development of value-added lighting solutions that extend the domain of lighting beyond light generation, into fields as diverse as communications, healthcare, and agricultural production.


Assuntos
Iluminação , Agricultura , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Conservação de Recursos Energéticos , Humanos , Iluminação/instrumentação , Iluminação/métodos , Teoria Quântica , Semicondutores
5.
Behav Ecol Sociobiol ; 69(5): 841-855, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25926713

RESUMO

Understanding how animal social relationships are created, maintained and severed has ecological and evolutionary significance. Animal social relationships are inferred from observations of interactions between animals; the pattern of interaction over time indicates the existence (or absence) of a social relationship. Autonomous behavioural recording technologies are increasingly being used to collect continuous interaction data on animal associations. However, continuous data sequences are typically aggregated to represent a relationship as part of one (or several) pictures of the network of relations among animals, in a way that parallels human social networks. This transformation entails loss of information about interaction timing and sequence, which are particularly important to understand the formation of relationships or their disruption. Here, we describe a new statistical model, termed the relational event model, that enables the analysis of fine-grained animal association data as a continuous time sequence without requiring aggregation of the data. We apply the model to a unique data set of interaction between familiar and unfamiliar steers during a series of 36 experiments to investigate the process of social disruption and relationship formation. We show how the model provides key insights into animal behaviour in terms of relationship building, the integration process of unfamiliar animals and group building dynamics. The relational event model is well suited to data structures that are common to animal behavioural studies and can therefore be applied to a range of social interaction data to understand animal social dynamics.

6.
J Synchrotron Radiat ; 22(3): 701-7, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25931086

RESUMO

PILATUS X-ray detectors are in operation at many synchrotron beamlines around the world. This article reports on the characterization of the new PILATUS3 detector generation at high count rates. As for all counting detectors, the measured intensities have to be corrected for the dead-time of the counting mechanism at high photon fluxes. The large number of different bunch modes at these synchrotrons as well as the wide range of detector settings presents a challenge for providing accurate corrections. To avoid the intricate measurement of the count rate behaviour for every bunch mode, a Monte Carlo simulation of the counting mechanism has been implemented, which is able to predict the corrections for arbitrary bunch modes and a wide range of detector settings. This article compares the simulated results with experimental data acquired at different synchrotrons. It is found that the usage of bunch mode specific corrections based on this simulation improves the accuracy of the measured intensities by up to 40% for high photon rates and highly structured bunch modes. For less structured bunch modes, the instant retrigger technology of PILATUS3 detectors substantially reduces the dependency of the rate correction on the bunch mode. The acquired data also demonstrate that the instant retrigger technology allows for data acquisition up to 15 million photons per second per pixel.

7.
J Theor Biol ; 297: 73-87, 2012 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22185979

RESUMO

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus that disproportionately affects people who inject drugs (PWIDs). Based on extensive interview and blood test data from a longitudinal study in Melbourne, Australia, we describe an individual-based transmission model for HCV spread amongst PWID. We use this model to simulate the transmission of HCV on an empirical social network of PWID. A feature of our model is that sources of infection can be both network neighbours and non-neighbours via "importing". Data-driven estimates of sharing frequency and rate of importing are provided. Compared to an appropriately calibrated fully connected network, the empirical network provides some protective effect on the time to primary infection. We also illustrate heterogeneities in incidence rate of infection, both across and within node degrees (i.e., number of network partners). We explore the reduced risk of infection from spontaneously clearing cutpoint nodes whose infection status oscillates, both in theory and in simulation. Further, we show our model-based estimate of per-event transmission probability largely agrees with previous estimates at the lower end of the range 1-3% commonly cited.


Assuntos
Hepatite C/transmissão , Modelos Biológicos , Apoio Social , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Uso Comum de Agulhas e Seringas/efeitos adversos , Uso Comum de Agulhas e Seringas/estatística & dados numéricos , Recidiva , Medição de Risco/métodos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Vitória/epidemiologia
8.
Inorg Chem ; 49(4): 1587-94, 2010 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20067248

RESUMO

Praseodymium molybdate Pr(2)(MoO(4))(3) was synthesized using the standard ceramic route. The crystal structure of the material has been successfully solved in superspace group I2/b(alphabeta0)00 with lattice constants a = 5.30284(4), b = 5.32699(3), c = 11.7935(1) A, gamma = 90.163(1) degrees , and the modulation vector q = 2/3a* + 0.88810(2)b*. The deviation of the q vector from a rational value allows a description of the structure in terms of nanosize domains with the La(2)(MoO(4))(3)-like structure separated by stacking faults. Under 450 nm excitation, ((3)P(0) level) Pr(2)(MoO(4))(3) exhibits the characteristic red emission, with the most intense band at 649 nm corresponding to a (3)P(0) --> (3)F(2) transition. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal Curie-Weiss paramagnetism with predominating antiferromagnetic interactions between Pr(3+)-magnetic moments and no evidence of magnetic transitions down to T = 5 K.

9.
Phys Rev Lett ; 103(7): 076403, 2009 Aug 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19792668

RESUMO

We use thermal diffuse scattering of x rays to visualize the lens-shaped portions of the Fermi surface in metallic zinc. Our interpretation of the nature of the observed scattered intensity anomalies is supported by the incorporation of inelastic x-ray scattering measurements as well as ab initio calculations of the electronic structure and lattice dynamics. Our work demonstrates that thermal diffuse scattering complements well-established techniques and is a powerful tool in its own right for studying the shape of the Fermi surface through the associated electron-phonon coupling.

10.
Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr ; 63(Pt 7): 759-68, 2007 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17582167

RESUMO

Radiation damage in macromolecular crystals is not suppressed even at 90 K. This is particularly true for covalent bonds involving an anomalous scatterer (such as bromine) at the 'peak wavelength'. It is shown that a series of absorption spectra recorded on a brominated RNA faithfully monitor the extent of cleavage. The continuous spectral changes during irradiation preserve an 'isosbestic point', each spectrum being a linear combination of 'zero' and 'infinite' dose spectra. This easily yields a good estimate of the partial occupancy of bromine at any intermediate dose. The considerable effect on the near-edge features in the spectra of the crystal orientation versus the beam polarization has also been examined and found to be in good agreement with a previous study. Any significant influence of the (C-Br bond/beam polarization) angle on the cleavage kinetics of bromine was also searched for, but was not detected. These results will be useful for standard SAD/MAD experiments and for the emerging 'radiation-damage-induced phasing' method exploiting both the anomalous signal of an anomalous scatterer and the 'isomorphous' signal resulting from its cleavage.


Assuntos
Substâncias Macromoleculares/química , Substâncias Macromoleculares/efeitos da radiação , Bromo/química , Bromo/efeitos da radiação , Cinética , Potássio/química , Potássio/efeitos da radiação , RNA/química , Espalhamento de Radiação , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Análise Espectral Raman , Difração de Raios X , Raios X
11.
J Phys Chem B ; 111(21): 6042-50, 2007 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17488111

RESUMO

A new target in AIDS therapy development is HIV-1 integrase (IN). It was proven that HIV-1 IN required divalent metal cations to achieve phosphodiester bond cleavage of DNA. Accordingly, all newly investigated potent IN inhibitors contain chemical fragments possessing a high ability to chelate metal cations. One of the promising leads in the polyhydroxylated styrylquinolines (SQLs) series is (E)-8-hydroxy-2-[2-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethenyl]-7-quinoline carboxylic acid (1). The present study focuses on the quinoline-based progenitor (2), which is actually the most probable chelating part of SQLs. Conventional and synchrotron low-temperature X-ray crystallographic studies were used to investigate the chelating power of progenitor 2. Mg2+ and Cu2+ cations were selected for this purpose, and three types of metal complexes of 2 were obtained: Mg(II) complex (4), Cu(II) complex (5) and mixed Mg(II)-Cu(II) complexes (6 and 7). The analysis of the crystal structure of complex 4 indicates that two tridentate ligands coordinate two Mg2+ cations, both in octahedral geometry. The Mg-Mg distance was found equal to 3.221(1) A, in agreement with the metal-metal distance of 3.9 A encountered in the crystal structure of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. In 5, the complex is formed by two bidentate ligands coordinating one copper ion in tetrahedral geometry. Both mixed Mg(II)-Cu(II) complexes, 6 and 7 exhibit an original arrangement of four ligands linked to a central heterometallic cluster consisting of three octahedrally coordinated magnesium ions and one tetrahedrally coordinated copper ion. Quantum mechanics calculations were also carried out in order to display the electrostatic potential generated by the dianionic ligand 2 and complex 4 and to quantify the binding energy (BE) during the formation of the magnesium complex of progenitor 2. A comparison of the binding energies of two hypothetical monometallic Mg(II) complexes with that found in the bimetallic magnesium complex 4 was made.


Assuntos
Cobre/química , Inibidores de Integrase de HIV/química , Magnésio/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Quinolinas/química , Simulação por Computador , Cristalização , Cristalografia por Raios X , Elétrons , Inibidores de Integrase de HIV/síntese química , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Modelos Químicos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Organometálicos/síntese química , Teoria Quântica , Eletricidade Estática
12.
Sex Transm Infect ; 82(6): 474-7, 2006 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17151033

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe individual, social network and encounter specific factors associated with protected anal intercourse (PAI) and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). METHODS: This was a cross sectional survey conducted between April and November 2002. A total of 733 sexual encounters were reported by 202 men recruited from the gay community in Melbourne, Australia. Predictors of self reported PAI and UAI were examined. RESULTS: Of the 733 sexual events most (56.3%) did not involve anal intercourse, and more involved PAI than UAI (30.6% versus 13.1%). PAI was more likely than no anal intercourse (NAI) if the participant's social network was mostly homosexual, the partner was an occasional or casual partner, or was HIV positive. PAI was less likely if sex took place at a "beat" but more likely if it took place at a sauna. PAI was more likely if the partner was affected by drugs or alcohol. UAI was more likely than NAI if the participant had injected drugs in the year before interview. It was less likely if the partner was occasional or casual or was HIV positive but more likely if the partner's HIV status was unknown. UAI was much more likely than NAI if the encounter took place at a "sex on premises" venue. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis it is the characteristics of the sexual encounter that predict whether PAI or UAI rather than NAI takes place.


Assuntos
Bissexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Sexo Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Sexo sem Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Bissexualidade/psicologia , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Homossexualidade/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sexo Seguro/psicologia , Parceiros Sexuais , Apoio Social , Sexo sem Proteção/psicologia , Vitória/epidemiologia
13.
Sex Transm Infect ; 80(6): 455-8, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15572613

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study identified associations between the number of sexual partners reported by men who have sex with men (MSM) and the structure and composition of their social networks. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted of men recruited as key informants, through advertising and chain referral. A face to face interview was conducted with 206 MSM. The interview included information on the number of sexual partners in the previous year and sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics of the participant. Social networks were enumerated and network size and density were calculated. Ordered logistic regression was used to assess the associations between number of sexual partners and personal and network characteristics. RESULTS: The number of anal sex partners reported was higher if the participant had injected drugs in the past year rather than never having injected (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 3.23, 1.28 to 8.15), decreased with network density (0.014, 0.002 to 0.008) and increased if the network did not comprise only HIV negative people (1.77, 1.05 to 2.99). The number of additional oral sex partners increased with network size (1.06, 1.02 to 1.10) and decreased with increased network density (0.034, 0.006 to 0.205). In addition to similar effects of network size (1.05, 1.01 to 1.09) and network density (0.086, 0.013 to 0.563) the model for the number of additional manual sex partners also included age (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05). CONCLUSION: The density of the social networks of MSM appears strongly and consistently associated with patterns of sexual behaviour. This underlines the importance of using network approaches to understanding the sexual behaviour of MSM and their potential value in identifying novel strategies for intervention.


Assuntos
Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Parceiros Sexuais , Apoio Social , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Vitória/epidemiologia
14.
Acta Crystallogr C ; 57(Pt 8): 975-7, 2001 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11498632

RESUMO

The crystal structure of the neuroactive artificial dipeptide N-benzyloxycarbonylprolyl-D-leucine, C(19)H(26)N(2)O(5), was solved using synchrotron radiation data collected on a very small crystal (20 x 20 x 380 microm). The molecules form hydrogen-bonded 2(1) helices. The acid carbonyl group does not participate in strong hydrogen bonds. This is interpreted as a consequence of close-packing requirements.


Assuntos
Leucina/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Leucina/análogos & derivados , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Síncrotrons
15.
Chemistry ; 7(7): 1468-78, 2001 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11330901

RESUMO

A novel class of dinucleating ligands has been introduced into manganese chemistry to study the reactivity of this metal towards dioxygen under strictly controlled conditions. Such N4 ligands combine some of the major peculiarities of tetradentate Schiff bases and the porphyrin skeleton. They are derived from the condensation between 2-pyrrolaldehyde and ethylenediamine or o-phenylenediamine, leading to pyrenH2 (LH2, 1), pyrophenH2 (L'H2, 2) and Me2pyrophenH2, (L"H2, 3), respectively. Their metallation with [Mn3-(Mes)6] (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) led to [Mn2L2] (4), [MnL'(thf)2] (5) and [MnL"(thf)2] (6). Complex 4 displays a double-stranded helical structure, while 5 and 6 are mononuclear complexes containing hexacoordinated metals. Regardless of their structure, complexes 5 and 6 behave in a similar manner to 4 in their reaction with dioxygen, namely, as a dimetallic unit inside a cavity defined by two dinucleating ligands. These reactions led to dinuclear MnIII/MnIV oxo-hydroxo derivatives, [Mn2L2(mu-O)(mu-OH)] (7), [Mn2L'2(mu-O)(mu-OH)] (8) and [Mn2L"2(mu-O)(mu-OH)] (9), in which the two Mn ions are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled [J = -53 (7), J = -64 (8), J = -60 cm(-1) (9)]. The crystal structure of 7 could only be solved with synchrotron radiation as the crystals diffracted very poorly and suffered from twisting and disorder. The formation of 7-9 has been proposed to occur through the formation of an intermediate dinuclear hydroperoxo species.

16.
Schizophr Res ; 48(2-3): 235-53, 2001 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11295377

RESUMO

Individuals with schizophrenia experience problems in the perception of emotional material; however, the specificity, extent, and nature of the deficits are unclear. Facial affect and affective prosody recognition were examined in representative samples of individuals with first-episode psychosis, assessed as outpatients during the early recovery phase of illness, and non-patients. Perception tasks were selected to allow examination of emotion category results across face and voice modalities. Facial tasks were computerised modifications of the Feinberg et al. procedure (Feinberg, T.E., Rifkin, A., Schaffer, C., Walker, E., 1986. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 43, 276--279). Prosody tasks were developed using four professional actors, and item selections were based on responses of undergraduates. Participant groups did not differ in their understanding of the words used to describe emotions. Findings supported small but consistent deficits in recognition of fear and sadness across both communication channels for the combined schizophrenia (n=29) and other psychotic disorders (n=28) groups as compared to the affective psychoses (n=23) and non-patients (n=24). A diagnostic effect was evident that was independent of the contribution of intelligence. The detection of emotion recognition impairments in first-episode schizophrenia suggests a trait deficit. The pattern of results is consistent with amygdala dysfunction in schizophrenia and related psychoses.


Assuntos
Afeto , Expressão Facial , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Percepção da Fala/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Inteligência , Linguística , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Semântica , Voz
18.
J Agric Food Chem ; 48(11): 5351-61, 2000 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11087485

RESUMO

Amino acid determinations were carried out on 15 new northern adapted cultivars of quality protein maize (QPM) containing opaque-2 modifier genes to ascertain whether their amino acid scoring patterns could be used to select high-lysine QPM genotypes and to assess their protein quality. Total protein in these cultivars ranged from 8.0 to 10.2% compared to two commercial maize varieties, Dekalb DK435 (7.9%) and Pioneer 3925 (10.3%). Four of these QPM genotypes, QPM-C26, QPM-C21, QPM-C79, and QPM-C59, contained high levels of lysine (4.43-4.58 g of lysine/100 g of protein), whereas the remaining varied from 3.43 to 4.21 g of lysine/100 g of protein, compared to Dekalb DK435 and Pioneer 3925, which contained 2.9 and 3. 1 g of lysine/100 g of protein, respectively. Although lysine is the first limiting amino acid in QPM inbreds, the high-lysine QPM genotypes may supply approximately 70.2-72.6% of human protein requirements, compared to 46.2% for Dekalb DK435 and 50.1% for Pioneer 3925, 55-63% for oats, and 59-60.3% for barley. Northern adapted QPM genotypes may have the potential to increase their lysine content even further, either by an increase in specific high-lysine-containing nonzein proteins, such as the synthesis of factor EF-1a, or by a further reduction in the 19 and 22 kDa alpha-zein in the endosperm or both. This knowledge could assist maize breeders in the selection of new high-performance QPM genotypes with improved protein quality and quantity.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Plantas/química , Zea mays/química , Zea mays/genética , Aminoácidos/análise , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/química , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas Alimentares , Genes de Plantas , Humanos , Necessidades Nutricionais , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de Transcrição/química , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
19.
Acta Crystallogr C ; 56 ( Pt 9): 1157-8, 2000 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10986517

RESUMO

The title compound, C(5)H(9)NO(4).H(2)O, has been synthesized and crystallized. It crystallizes in Cc with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The compound is found in its zwitterionic form. D and L forms of the compound are linked in the crystal via O-H...O and N-H.O hydrogen bonds, both directly between the aspartic acid-derivative entities and to the crystal water molecule. A weak intramolecular N-H...O interaction is found. The carbon skeleton is slightly twisted with C-C-C-C = 166.83 (11) degrees. A comparison with other derivatives of aspartic acid shows only two rotamers--one with a near planar carbon skeleton and one with a significantly twisted carbon skeleton.


Assuntos
N-Metilaspartato/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular
20.
J Synchrotron Radiat ; 7(Pt 4): 251-6, 2000 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16609203

RESUMO

The use of a high-intensity and well collimated X-ray beam from a third-generation synchrotron source, combined with an area detector with online readout capabilities, allows high-quality powder patterns to be obtained with exposure times of only a few seconds. Powder measurements of a rare-earth manganate perovskite (Nd(0.43)Sr(0.57)MnO(3)) were performed in the temperature range 105-200 K, and the data were of sufficient quality to be able to extract, via Rietveld refinement, accurate values for the lattice constants and atomic parameters. The temperature dependence of the Mn-O-Mn bond angles and Mn-O distances obtained in this manner illustrate the well known correlation between the distortion of the MnO(6) octahedra and the onset of orbital ordering. The success of this study, for which only two hours of synchrotron beam time was required, indicates the enormous improvements in efficiency and throughput which area detectors are bringing to powder diffraction experiments.

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