[The Evaluation of Metagenome and Detection of Functionally Significant Polymorphisms of Prokaryotes of Soil by Method of Pyrosequencingl].

It was evaluated the metagenome and functionally significant phylogenetic and taxonomic polymorphisms of prokaryotes of typical chernozem in agrocenoses of winter wheat by the method of pyrosequencing. Have been received 1708 operational taxonomic units and identified 335 taxons of prokaryotes. It was established, that the structure of prokaryotes metagenome of typical chernozem includes the representatives of the 2 Archaea and 22 Bacteria phylums, and absolutely dominants among them were Proteobacteria - 79.6 % and Actinobacteria - 12.9 %. The polymorphism of representation of prokaryotic taxons was observed at the level of families, and the dominants were Alcaligenaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Solirubrobacteraceae, Gaiellaceae, Nitrososphaeraceae. It is shown phylogenetic links between the main representatives of prokaryotes' metagenome of typical chernozem in agrocenoses of winter wheat. Thus, the use of pyrosequencing, in addition to estimation of structure and diversity, opens new perspectives for the study of functional component of prokaryotes' metagenome of soil.

[Trends, Achievements And Prospects Of Biotechnology In The Food Industry].

The article provides analytical screening of biotechnological facilities in the food industry. Presents the basic areas of application of biotechnology research and development, described the feasibility and relevance of the use of genetic engineering, specialized strains of microorganisms and enzyme preparations in the production of food products with functional directivity highest level of quality and safety. Are formulated the most important requirements and selection criteria for the biotechnological component for the various areas of the food industry. Summarizes the scientific achievements of biotechnology and genetic engineering, which promote the development of innovation in creating products for a healthy diet, make it possible to realize the potential of of this direction.

[Biocenotical Approaches Using Entomopathogenic Bacteria of Bacillus thuringiensis the Season Growing Potatoes and Storage].

The results of studies on the formation of modern ways biocenotical direction of phytoprotection by entomopathogenic bacteria of Bacillus thuringiensis. It is shown that liquid formulations based on strains of B. thuringiensis first serotype H1 exhibit high biological activity against contact generations Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. during ontogeny potato plants - 92.0 - 97.0 %, and entomotoxic action in relation to population Phthorimaea operculella Zell. in terms of storage - 77.0 - 85.0 %. In processing the tubers strains of B. thuringiensis significantly reduced population size herbivores (up 65.0 %) against the background of conservation to 72.0 % of tubers from potato moth settlement.

[Effect of biopreparations on dynamics of the number of bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi in potato agroecosystem].

Application of biological preparations such as Phytotsid and Planryz favoures the growth of the general number of soil's bacteria population compared with control by 13.0-36.1% in the variant of potato variety Scarbnytsya and by 4.5-24.6% of potato variety Oberig. It also decreases 1.2-1.8 times the number of soil phytopathogens--Fusarium and Alternaria. During the application of Rovral Akvaflo the Shenon's ecological index of species biodiversity was lower than during the bioprepation application. One could observe a decrease of species biodiversity and dominance of dark pigmentation in fungi--Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Phoma sp., Doratomyces sp., and pigmented bacteria.

[Role of Linum usitatissimum L. in formation of microbic communities of podzol soils].

Features of Linum usitatissimum L. influence on structure and biological activity of soil microorganisms have been studied at different saturation of crop rotations. It was established, that L. usitatissimum L. promotes the formation of specific microbial soil cenosis which causes intensity and orientation of separate biological processes. Essential distinctions in quantitative and qualitative structure are indicated.