[Modification of a panoptic method of staining isolated cells]. / Modifikácia panoptickej farbiacej metódy pre izolované bunky.

A simple and rapid method of isolated cell staining was achieved by modification of the Pappenheim's method. It is based on the following steps: (1) dilution of commonly used stock solutions May-Grünwald (1:1), Giemsa-Romanowsky (1.25% v/v), (2) reverse sequence of the used staining solutions in comparison with the original method, (3) shorter time of procedure (5 min/slide), (4) utilization of distilled water of pH 5.1-5.6 for dilution of solutions and rinsing of slides, (5) it is not necessary to add serum to cell suspensions. The presented histological method is suitable for cytomorphological examination of cells. It can be applied in routine hematological laboratories not equipped with cytospins. (Fig. 5, Ref. 6.).

Effect of short-term ethanol intake on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of short ethanol intake on ADCC activity in blood and spleen mononuclear cells. Wistar rats were fed a standard diet and drank 0.1 M ethanol solution for three days. Glucose and water controls were used in this experiment. Increased ADCC activity was found in ethanol consuming rats in the blood and spleen as compared to both controls. Our findings support the assumption that ADCC may play an important role in liver disease of alcoholics.

Radiation dose response of some gluconeogenic enzyme activities in rats.

Negative correlation was found between the activity of liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and the increasing radiation dose 24 h after continuous irradiation of rats. A dose response of increased fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) was not confirmed.

[Synthesis of lipids in the thymus of irradiated rats]. / Sintez lipidov v timuse obluchennykh krys.

Changes in the synthesis of total lipids from 14C-glucose and 3H2O and in triacylglycerol concentration in the thymus of rats X-irradiated with a single dose of 14.35 or 6.0 Gy were investigated. Both lipid synthesis and TAG concentration were found to increase in the irradiated rat thymus.

Glycogenesis and lipogenesis from 14C-glucose in vivo in rats irradiated with fractionated doses of gamma rays.

Irradiation with fractionated doses is a specific form of stress and the data concerning these problems are topical for recent radiobiology, radiology and oncology. Interest in this present paper is focused on tissue glycogenesis and lipogenesis from U-14C-glucose in vivo in rats irradiated with fractionated doses of 2.39 Gy once a week. Analyses were done after 1-6 fractions, up to total accumulated doses of 2.39, 4.78, 7.17, 9.76, 11.95 and 14.34 Gy, which means LD50/30 for this experimental model. Fractionated irradiation of rats led to glycogen deposition and increased incorporation of 14C-glucose into the liver, heart and skeletal muscles, but not into brain glycogen. The ascertained changes were not dose-dependent. 14C-glucose was incorporated into the liver and adipose tissue lipids to a small extent, and synthesis of liver cholesterol increased only after the 5th and 6th fractions. A decreased concentration of hepatic lipids, especially of cholesterol, was observed from the 3rd to the 6th fractions.

The role of adipose tissue in glucose utilization in irradiated rats.

The authors studied the conversion of U-14C-glucose to total lipids, fatty acids and glyceride glycerol in the epididymal adipose tissue of rats X-irradiated with a single whole body dose of 14.4 Gy X-rays. Analyses were carried out 1, 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation. In the adipose tissue of irradiated rats, the incorporation of 14C-glucose into all the lipid fractions was raised throughout the whole time of observation (300-600% of the control value). Most of the 14C-glucose was incorporated into the glyceride glycerol fraction.

Circadian changes of gluconeogenic enzymes in irradiated rats.

The authors studied the effect of whole body irradiation at different times of day on the circadian rhythms of gluconeogenic enzymes. They found that: 1. liver and kidney enzyme activities were highest in the light part of the day and lowest in the middle of the dark part; 2. 12-h circadian rhythm of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase activity in the liver and the renal cortex followed a similar course; 3. a lethal whole body dose of 14.4 Gy X-rays did not affect the circadian oscillation curves of the given enzymes, with the exception of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase in the liver of irradiated rats, where the rhythm was lost.

[Lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver of irradiated rats]. / Lipogenez i gliukoneogenez v pecheni obluchennykh krys.

The incorporation of 14C from [U-14C] glucose and 3H from 3H2O into the total lipids fatty acids and glycogen of the liver incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into blood glucose was studied in rats totally irradiated in a dose of 14.4 Gy. It is shown that in the liver of irradiated rats glucose is accumulated in considerable amounts as glycogen but it is slightly used as a source of carbon for lipid synthesis. The study of 3H incorporation shows that irradiation stimulates glucogenesis, glyconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the liver.

Gluconeogenesis in lethally X-irradiated rats.

The in vivo incorporation of U-14C-alanine into blood glucose and liver glycogen was measured in rats irradiated with a single whole body lethal dose of X-rays. Changes in gluconeogenic enzyme activities were studied in the liver. Increased incorporation of 14C-alanine into blood glucose and liver glycogen were found after irradiation. Liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycogenic activity underwent almost parallel changes and were significantly elevated from the 6th to the 48th hour, with resultant accumulation of glycogen. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was depressed and there was a negative correlation between it and the liver glycogen concentration. Maximum fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity was found at 48 hours. The results show that glycogen accumulation in the liver and the raised blood glucose level in X-irradiated rats are based on raised gluconeogenesis.

Circadian rhythm of blood glucose and tissue glycogen in fed and fasted rats.

Blood glucose and tissue glucogen circadian rhythms were determined in male Wistar rats adapted 3 weeks to an artificial lighting regimen of 12 hours' light and 12 hours' darkness. Over a period of 24 hours we examined at 3-hour intervals the blood glucose concentration and the glycogen content of the liver, heart, skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris) and white (epididymal) and brown (interscapular) adipose tissue of fed rats and rats fasted for 24 hours. The experiments were carried out in the autumn and the results were evaluated statistically by an analysis of variance and the cosinor test. The blood glucose level and the glycogen concentration in all the given tissues, in both fed and starved rats, displayed rhythmic oscillations with a 24- or 12-hour period in the course of the day, with the exception of glycogen in the white adipose tissue of fed rats, in which cosinor analysis failed to demonstrate any rhythm. One day's fasting did not affect the character of circadian rhythm.

Tissue glycogen and blood glucose in irradiated rats. I. Effects of a single lethal x-irradiation.

Fed and starved (overnight) male rats of the Wistar strains were exposed to wholebody irradiation with 14.35 Gy (1 500 R) of X-rays. After irradiation and sham-irradiation all animals were starved up to the examination performed 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after the treatment. Concentration of glucose in the blood and concentration of glycogen in the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, brown and white adipose tissue were determined. Concentration of blood glucose and liver glucogen was found to increase between 1 and 6 h after irradiation of the starved animals. The most pronounced increase of glycogen concentration in the liver and heart muscle was observed 24 and 48 h after irradiation. The fed and starved irradiated rats reacted differently particularly between 48 and 72 h, when the liver glycogen concentration decreased in the fed animals and remained elevated in the starved ones. Very high values of terminal glycemia were observed in both groups. Accumulation of glycogen in the heart muscle indicates that this organ is sensitive to ionizing radiation.

The dynamics of changes in serum lipids during continuous irradiation of rats.

The dynamics of changes in serum lipids (free fatty acids, free glycerol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and phospholipids) were studied in male Wistar rats irradiated in an open experimental field with a daily dose of 15.48 mC.kg.--1 (60 R) up to a total exposure of 774.0 mC. kg.--1 (3,000 R). The resulting changes occurred in several periods. Initial period of 0--7 days included a drop in triglyceride level and a rise in free glycerol, total cholesterol, and phospholipids in both control and irradiated rats. The period of 14--25 days marked the appearance of serum hyperlipaemia. Between 25--50 days, the levels of the different fractions oscillated and existing changes became more pronounced. The general level of serum lipids during continuous gamma-irradiation exceeded that found in controls. Changes in control animals from experimental field reflected the influence of a changed environment. The modifying factor affecting both irradiated and control rats was night fasting prior to sacrificing the animals and, probably, also the presence of an infradian rhythm in some serum lipid fractions.