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There are limited data on the frequency of diagnosis of infectious disease and its impact on patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure. We sought to evaluate the prevalence, types, trends, and outcomes of infectious disease diagnosis in patients admitted with decompensated heart failure. We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of heart failure using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2009 to 2019. Patients with a length of stay ≥3 days were included. Patients with chronic dialysis, left ventricular assist devices, cardiogenic shock, or solid organ transplantation or who required mechanical ventilation or mechanical circulatory support were excluded. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of infectious disease diagnosis. Outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and resource utilization. Among the 7,228,521 admissions with a primary diagnosis of heart failure that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, an infectious disease diagnosis was reported in 1,806,514 (24.9%). Infectious disease diagnosis was more frequent in patients who were female, older, and White, and who had higher baseline co-morbidity. Since 2014, there has been a steady decrease in infectious conditions in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of heart failure (p for trend <0.01). After propensity match analysis was performed, patients with infectious disease diagnosis had a longer length of stay (6.9 vs 5.7 days, p <0.001) and higher cost ($14,305 vs $11,760, p <0.001), were less likely to be discharged home (35.3% vs 44.7%, p <0.001), and had higher in-hospital mortality (2.6% vs 1.6%, p <0.001). In conclusion, approximately 1 in 4 patients admitted with primary heart failure will be diagnosed with an infectious condition. The presence of an infectious disease diagnosis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
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Doenças Transmissíveis , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Feminino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Choque Cardiogênico/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Mortalidade HospitalarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), or stress-induced cardiomyopathy, is associated with adverse prognosis. Limited data suggest that TCM occurring in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients is associated with elevated peri-operative risk. AIM: To characterize the predictors of TCM in OLT recipients, using a large, multi-center pooled electronic health database. METHODS: A multi-institutional database (Explorys Inc, Cleveland, OH, USA), an aggregate of de-identified electronic health record data from 26 United States healthcare systems was surveyed. A cohort of patients with a Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms of "liver transplant" between 09/2015 and 09/2020 was identified. Subsequently, individuals who developed a new diagnosis of TCM following OLT were identified. Furthermore, the risk associations with TCM among this patient population were characterized using linear regression. RESULTS: Between 09/2015 and 09/2020, of 37718540 patients in the database, 38740 (0.10%) had a history of OLT (60.6% had an age between 18-65 years, 58.1% female). A new diagnosis of TCM was identified in 0.3% of OLT recipients (45.5% had an age between 18-65 years, 72.7% female), compared to 0.04% in non-OLT patients [odds ratio (OR): 7.98, 95% confidence intervals: 6.62-9.63, (P < 0.0001)]. OLT recipients who developed TCM, compared to those who did not, were more likely to be greater than 65 years of age, Caucasian, and female (P < 0.05). There was also a significant association with cardiac arrhythmias, especially ventricular arrhythmias (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: TCM was significantly more likely to occur in LT recipients vs non-recipients. Older age, Caucasian ethnicity, female gender, and presence of arrhythmias were significantly associated with TCM in LT recipients.
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BACKGROUND: Patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are anticoagulated with warfarin and may receive enoxaparin bridging for a subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). There is no guideline regarding enoxaparin bridging in LVAD patients and a dosing strategy to ensure efficacy and safety is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to characterize the use of enoxaparin bridging for subtherapeutic INRs and its impact on thrombotic or major bleeding events (MBE) in patients with an LVAD. METHODS: A retrospective review from 6/1/17 to 6/30/18 was performed. Patients with an LVAD were excluded if they had less than 60 days of outpatient anticoagulation or age <18 years old. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on enoxaparin exposure. MBE and thrombotic events were classified as related to enoxaparin if events occurred while receiving enoxaparin and up to 7 days or 30 days, respectively, after discontinuation. RESULTS: Seventy-one LVAD patients met inclusion criteria and 50 patients received enoxaparin bridging. Therapeutic-dose enoxaparin was initiated at a mean INR of 1.8 for a mean duration of 2.8 days. In the enoxaparin exposure group, one MBE occurred 6 days after enoxaparin discontinuation, coinciding with an INR increase from 1.8 to 4.7. One thrombotic event occurred 2 days after enoxaparin discontinuation at an INR of 5.0. CONCLUSION: This institution's bridging strategy of therapeutic-dose enoxaparin with a short duration has a low rate of bleeding and thrombotic events. Additional prospective studies of anticoagulation bridging based on characteristics such as type of LVAD device are warranted.
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Coração Auxiliar , Trombose , Adolescente , Anticoagulantes , Enoxaparina/efeitos adversos , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trombose/epidemiologia , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep manure in agricultural soils on the behavior of Folsomia candida and initial growth and development of Avena sativa. For this, an Oxisol was submitted to different doses of sheep manure and was subsequently evaluated for Folsomia candida survival and avoidance behavior through standardized ecotoxicological assays, the initial performance of oats by germination test and the soil basal respiration rate by respirometry methodology. There was an increase in the basal respiration rate of the soil by the application of sheep manure and this was consistent with the increase of the doses. The survival rate and avoidance behavior of springtails were not altered and there was no change in the initial performance of oats, indicating that this manure can be used for organic fertilization of soils with low soil pollutant potential.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do esterco de ovelha em solos agrícolas no comportamento de Folsomia candida e no crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de Avena sativa. Para isso, um Latossolo foi submetido a diferentes doses de esterco de ovelha e posteriormente avaliado quanto ao comportamento de fuga e a sobrevivência de Folsomia candida por meio de ensaios ecotoxicológicos padronizados, desempenho inicial da aveia pelo teste de germinação e taxa respiratória basal do solo pela metodologia da respirometria. Houve um aumento na taxa de respiração basal do solo pela aplicação de esterco de ovelha e isso foi consistente com o aumento das doses. A taxa de sobrevivência e o comportamento de fuga dos colêmbolos não foram alterados e não houve alteração no desempenho inicial da aveia, indicando que esse esterco pode ser usado para fertilização orgânica de solos com baixo potencial poluente no solo.
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Animais , Artrópodes , Poluentes do Solo , Solo , Ovinos , Avena , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , EstercoAssuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Transplante de Coração , Mortalidade , Readmissão do Paciente/tendências , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Custos Hospitalares , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Medicare , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Sepse/epidemiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos , Trombose Venosa/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep manure in agricultural soils on the behavior of Folsomia candida and initial growth and development of Avena sativa. For this, an Oxisol was submitted to different doses of sheep manure and was subsequently evaluated for Folsomia candida survival and avoidance behavior through standardized ecotoxicological assays, the initial performance of oats by germination test and the soil basal respiration rate by respirometry methodology. There was an increase in the basal respiration rate of the soil by the application of sheep manure and this was consistent with the increase of the doses. The survival rate and avoidance behavior of springtails were not altered and there was no change in the initial performance of oats, indicating that this manure can be used for organic fertilization of soils with low soil pollutant potential.
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Artrópodes , Poluentes do Solo , Animais , Avena , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Esterco , Ovinos , SoloRESUMO
Accurate mean blood pressure determination is essential to prevent adverse events in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CFLVAD). We sought to evaluate the accuracy of noninvasive methods of blood pressure measurement compared with invasive intra-arterial recordings in patients with CFLVAD. Systematic electronic search was performed on four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Knowledge) for the terms "Blood Pressure" AND ("Heart-Assist Devices" OR "Left ventricular Assist Devices"). Only studies that compared an intra-arterial and noninvasive blood pressure measurement were included. Electronic search of scientific literature identified 5968 articles. After deduplication, screening of titles and abstracts, full-text review, and excluding incorrect populations and comparator, a total of 12 studies with 502 participants were included, of those 402 participants who had intra-arterial blood pressure measurement. Doppler mean arterial blood pressure showed a very high correlation with mean intra-arterial blood pressure (r = 0.97, r = 0.87) in low pulsatility situations. When the pulsatility was not evaluated, the correlation was high moderate (r = 0.63, r = 0.741). In low pulsatility situations, the correlation was moderate to high moderate (r = 0.42 to r = 0.65). Oscillometer automatic blood pressure cuff showed a moderate to very high correlation with intra-arterial mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.42, r = 0.86) but also could be low in the context of low pulsatility associated with inconsistent success in noninvasive measurement (r = 0.25). Studies correlating intra-arterial with noninvasive techniques were performed in the context of routine clinical care using fluid-filled catheters. The degree of correlation between both methods is at least moderate.
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Pressão Arterial , Coração Auxiliar , Pressão Sanguínea , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Ultrassonografia DopplerRESUMO
Importance: Information regarding the performance and outcomes of noncardiac surgery (NCS) in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is scarce, with limited longitudinal follow-up data that are mostly limited to single-center reports. Objective: To examine the trends, patient characteristics, and outcomes associated with NCS among patients with LVAD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study examined patients enrolled in Medicare undergoing durable LVAD implantation from January 2012 to November 2017 with follow-up through December 2017. The study included all Medicare Provider and Analysis Review Part A files for the years 2012 to 2017. Patients identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) procedure codes for new LVAD implantation were included. Data analysis was performed from November 2019 to February 2020. Exposures: NCS procedures were identified using the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 procedural codes and divided into elective and urgent or emergent. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as in-hospital or 30-day all-cause mortality, ischemic stroke, or intracerebral hemorrhage after NCS. Early (<60 days after NCS) and late (≥60 days after NCS) mortality after NCS were analyzed in both subgroups using time-varying covariate and landmark analysis using patients who did not undergo NCS as reference. Results: Of the 8118 patients with LVAD (mean [SD] age, 63.4 [10.8] years; 6484 men [79.9%]), 1326 (16.3%, or approximately 1 in 6) underwent NCS, of which 1000 procedures (75.4%) were emergent or urgent and 326 (24.6%) were elective. There was no difference in age between patients who underwent NCS and patients who did not (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [10.6] vs 63.4 [10.9] years). The number of NCS procedures among patients with LVAD increased from 64 in 2012 to 304 in 2017. The median (interquartile range) time from LVAD implantation to NCS was 309 (133-606) days. The most frequent type of NCS was general (613 abdominal, pelvic, and gastrointestinal procedures [46.2%]). Perioperative MACEs occurred in 169 patients (16.9%) undergoing emergent or urgent NCS and 23 patients (7.1%) undergoing elective NCS. Urgent or emergent NCS was associated with higher mortality early (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 8.78; 95% CI, 7.20-10.72; P < .001) and late (aHR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.53-1.90; P < .001) after NCS compared with patients with LVAD who did not undergo NCS. Elective NCS was also associated with higher mortality early (aHR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.74-4.03; P < .001) and late (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.56; P = .008) after NCS. Conclusions and Relevance: One of 6 patients with LVAD underwent NCS. Perioperative MACEs were frequent. Higher mortality risk transcended the early postoperative period in urgent or emergent and elective surgical procedures.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/tendências , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Coração Auxiliar/tendências , Período Perioperatório/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/métodos , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , AVC Isquêmico/epidemiologia , Masculino , Medicare/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Perioperatório/mortalidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Chronic wound assessment and wound healing are important for diagnostic, follow up and wound treatment. However, this growing disease affecting nearly 2 thousand million and 5.7 million people in the USA and Europe, costing around $20 billion and $8 thousand million USD per year, still relies on subjective human assessment of wounds. A scoping review allowed us to identify 109 articles that map the literature on the topic of computer vision for chronic wound assessment and healing. These results were carefully analyzed and mapped into relevant clinical challenges associated with this field, identifying the maturity of each different computer vision challenge that needs addressing. Results show that wound size and tissue type classification already have interesting work, but various other clinical areas are in need of larger datasets and computer vision research efforts for achieving a relevant impact in today's clinical routine.
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Computadores , Cicatrização , Administração Tópica , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Exame FísicoRESUMO
AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the prescription frequency of potentially harmful prescription drugs as defined in current heart failure guidelines among elderly patients with a diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and their association with clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data from a nationally representative 5% sample for the years 2014-2016 to identify patients admitted to acute care hospitals with a primary diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The primary exposure was filling a prescription for a potentially harmful drug. Potentially harmful drug fills were treated as a time-dependent covariate to examine their association on readmission and mortality. A total of 8993 patients met study criteria. Potentially harmful drugs were prescribed in 1077 (11.9%) patients within 90 days of discharge from the heart failure hospitalization. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents were the most frequently prescribed potentially harmful drug (6.7%) followed by calcium channel blockers (4.7%), thiazolidinedione (0.59%), and select antiarrhythmic (0.33%). Factors independently associated with potentially harmful drug prescription were female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, severe obesity, among others. In the multivariable Cox model, the prescription of a potentially harmful drug was associated with an increased risk of readmission (hazard ratio 1.14; 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.23, P < 0.001). Among drug subgroups, only calcium channel blockers were associated with an increased risk of readmission (hazard ratio 1.225; 95% confidence interval 1.085-1.382, P = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction on guideline-directed medical therapy, prescription of a potentially harmful drug was frequent. Calcium channel blockers were associated with an increased risk of readmission.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Readmissão do Paciente , Idoso , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Medicare , Volume Sistólico , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants like antipsychotics, opioids, benzodiazepines and zolpidem are frequently used by patients of a wide range of ages. Uncertainty remains about their effect in very old adults (>80 years old) and their potential for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions in this population. OBJECTIVE: To assess if the use of CNS depressants is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in very old patients. METHODS: In this prospective study, 362 patients over 80 years of age who had been consequently admitted to the general ward of a teaching hospital were examined. Each patient was assessed, by our pharmacovigilance team within 24 hours of admission, to identify outpatient medication use and potential drug-drug interactions. RESULTS: The overall use of CNS depressants as a group was not associated with a higher risk of admission due to CAP in very old patients (55% vs. 49%; OR=1.28 [0.76-2.16], p=0.34). However, the use of antipsychotics was associated with a higher rate of admissions due to CAP in this population (OR=1.98 [1.10-3.57], p=0.02). No association was seen between opioids (p=0.27), zolpidem (p=0.83), or benzodiazepines (p=0.15) and the rate of admissions due to CAP in these patients. Moreover, pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions leading to CNS depression were equally found in patients admitted for CAP and those admitted for other reasons. CONCLUSION: The use of antipsychotics in very old adults was associated with an increased risk of hospital admission due to CAP. This suggests that the use of these medications in this population should be done with caution. No association was observed with opioids, benzodiazepines and zolpidem with the latter outcome.
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Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos adversos , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Analgésicos Opioides , Antipsicóticos , Benzodiazepinas , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , ZolpidemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence from animal studies and small case series suggests that primary graft dysfunction occurs less often following combined organ transplantation than following isolated organ transplantation. In this large-scale national registry study, we aimed to investigate whether survival and the rates of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) are affected by simultaneous heart and/or lung transplantation (HLTx). METHODS: Clinical data from the United Network of Organ Sharing database were retrospectively reviewed to identify transplant-naive patients who had undergone heart and/or lung transplantation between 1987 and 2016. The comparisons were conducted for isolated vs combined organ transplant. The outcomes included all-cause mortality, as well as the incidence of BOS and CAV RESULTS: Of the 98,310 patients reviewed, 63,976, 1,189, and 33,145 had received isolated heart transplantation (iHTx) (65%), HLTx (1%), and isolated lung transplantation (iLTx) (34%), respectively. In the early post-operative period, the mortality rates were higher after HLTx than after iHTx or iLTx (on crude and propensity score-matched analyses). However, the adjusted hazard risk for mortality associated with HLTx was significantly lower relative to the iLTx-associated risk beyond 3 years postoperatively, and similar relative to the iHTx-associated risk beyond 7 years postoperatively. On both crude and adjusted analyses, the incidence of BOS and CAV was significantly lower after HLTx than after iHTx or iLTx (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Combined (rather than single) organ transplantation may provide immunoprotective benefits enhancing long-term survival and attenuating the risk of BOS and CAV.
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Bronquiolite Obliterante/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Transplante de Coração-Pulmão , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Feminino , Transplante de Coração-Pulmão/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Síndrome , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background The effect of implantable cardioverter defibrillators ( ICD ) in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices ( LVAD s) on outcomes has not been evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. Methods and Results This is a retrospective single-center study that included patients who underwent continuous flow LVAD implantation at the Cleveland Clinic between October 2004 and March 2017. Patients were evaluated according to the presence or absence of ICD at the time of LVAD insertion. Among 486 patients in the study cohort, 387 (79.6%) had an ICD before LVAD insertion. Patients with ICD before LVAD were older and had lower use of pre- LVAD inotropes, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and mechanical ventilation. There were 81 patients (21.4% of patients with ICD ) who required 93 procedures after LVAD : 74 generator exchanges, 12 lead revisions, and 7 complete system removals because of infection. Of the 99 patients without ICD , 52 (53%) underwent ICD implantation: 29 for primary prevention and 23 for secondary prevention. Patients were followed for a median of 401 (interquartile range 150-966) days. The presence of a pre- LVAD ICD was not associated with mortality in a multivariable model (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.73-1.93, P=0.492), nor was the presence of an ICD at any point when analyzed as a time-varying covariate (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.50-2.20, P=0.907). Conclusions There is no apparent mortality benefit associated with an ICD in a contemporary cohort of patients with continuous flow LVAD s to balance considerable morbidity involving ICD -related procedures and complications.
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Desfibriladores Implantáveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Coração Auxiliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Implantação de Prótese/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Prevenção Primária , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/cirurgia , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prevenção SecundáriaRESUMO
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms and sings of heart failure with elevated left ventricular filling pressures at rest or during exercise. It is the most common type of heart failure in the elderly and its prevalence increases with age and is higher in females at any given age. HFpEF is frequently accompanied of comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction. The diagnosis relies in the integration of clinical information, laboratory data and interpretation of cardiac imaging and hemodynamic findings at rest and during exercise. Conditions that have a specific treatment such as coronary artery disease, valvular disease, cardiac amyloidosis and constrictive pericarditis should be considered and evaluated as appropriate. Aggressive management of comorbidities, optimization of blood pressure control and volume status using diuretics as needed are among the current treatment recommendations. There are no specific therapies that have shown to decrease mortality in HFpEF. In symptomatic patients with history of hospital admission for decompensated heart failure, the implantation of a wireless pulmonary artery pressure monitor should be considered. Finally, given the high mortality of this condition, goals of care discussion should be initiated early and involvement of palliative care medicine should be considered.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Correlação de Dados , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/imunologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Volume SistólicoRESUMO
According to national guidelines and statements drugs that can cause or exacerbate heart failure (HF) are considered potentially harmful and should be avoided if possible in patients with a diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). To evaluate the prevalence of potentially harmful drug (PHD) prescription among patients with a diagnosis of systolic heart failure we conducted a retrospective cohort study using Truven Health MarketScan Commercial database from 2011 to 2014. Prescription of PHD as defined by American Heart Association Statement was examined among patients with a HFREF diagnosis in: (1) Two outpatient encounters, (2) One inpatient encounter as primary diagnosis and/or (3) one inpatient encounter any position and one outpatient encounter. Among 40,966 patients, 24.2% were prescribed with at least 1 drug with the potential to cause or exacerbate heart failure. Of the 9,954 patients prescribed with PHD, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents were the most frequent category prescribed (67.4%), followed by antihypertensive (24%), diabetes mellitus (23.3%), neurological and psychiatric (21%) and antiarrhythmic medications (12.6%). After multivariable analysis female patients, the presence of a comorbidity associated with a PHD use and polypharmacy were more frequently prescribed a PHD. In conclusion almost » of adult patients with a diagnosis of HFREF have a prescription of a drug with a potential to cause or exacerbate heart failure as defined by current heart failure guidelines.
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Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica/tratamento farmacológico , Polimedicação , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Before consideration of advanced cardiac therapies, guidelines recommend a comprehensive multidisciplinary examination, including psychosocial assessment. The Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) has emerged as a highly reproducible tool to assess for psychosocial impairment and is associated with negative medical and psychosocial outcomes after transplantation. We sought to assess the association between SIPAT and outcomes after left ventricular assist device. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 128 patients implanted with a first left ventricular assist device at the Cleveland Clinic from 2013 to 2017 who underwent a prospectively collected quantitative psychosocial assessment using SIPAT. Several survival analyses were performed testing the association between SIPAT score and mortality, first adverse event (defined as hospitalization, device exchange, or death), and recurring adverse events after multivariable adjustment. Median SIPAT score was 14 (interquartile range, 9.5-22.5), with higher values (representing more impairment) seen in patients implanted as destination therapy. After a median follow-up of 349 (interquartile range, 178-684) days, there were 319 adverse events (18 deaths, 10 device exchanges, and 291 readmissions) with 2.5±2.4 events per patient. Higher preimplant SIPAT scores were not associated with mortality ( P=0.764) or time to a first adverse event ( P=0.589) but were associated with cumulative adverse events (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09-1.58; P=0.005 per Δ10 in score). In addition, SIPAT was associated with days alive outside of the hospital ( P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: A standardized assessment of psychosocial impairment after left ventricular assist device using the SIPAT score was not associated with mortality or time to first adverse event but was associated with cumulative adverse cardiac events. This score may provide insight when structuring mitigation strategies for high-risk patients and should be further tested in a prospective multicenter study.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca/psicologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Coração Auxiliar , Saúde Mental , Implantação de Prótese/instrumentação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Adulto , Idoso , Remoção de Dispositivo , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ohio , Readmissão do Paciente , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Implantação de Prótese/efeitos adversos , Implantação de Prótese/mortalidade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Apoio Social , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Anemia is common in patients with mechanical circulatory support and is associated with increased morbidity. Repletion using parenteral iron infusions has been proven to be beneficial in patients with heart failure. In this report, we describe a case of increased power and flows of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) during an iron dextran infusion. We subsequently studied the effects of iron dextran infusion in an in vitro LVAD mock circulatory loop. The observed increase in flow and power was most likely due to drug-patient interaction rather than drug-LVAD interaction. Mock loops and in vivo animal models may be necessary for proactive evaluation of the safety of intravenous (IV) preparations in this patient population.