Diacerein treatment prevents colitis-associated cancer in mice.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a well-established enabling factor for cancer development and provides a framework for the high prevalence of colon cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. In accordance, chronic inflammation has recently been implicated in the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the mechanism whereby anti-inflammatory drugs act in the prevention of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is only partially understood. AIM: To evaluate the role of diacerein (DAR), an anti-inflammatory drug that mainly acts through the inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1ß expression in the development of CSCs and CAC. METHODS: The effects of DAR on colon inflammation in mice with CAC were evaluated by inflammatory index, reverse real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells assays evaluated the effects of DAR on CSCs. Immunohistochemistry and apoptosis assays were also used to evaluate the effects of DAR on tumorigenesis associated with inflammation. RESULTS: DAR treatment reduced colon inflammation as well as the number and size of tumors in azoxymethane plus dextran sulphate sodium-treated animals. Accordingly, DAR treatment was associated with reduced intracellular signals of inflammation (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation) in the colon. In addition, DAR treatment was associated with a decrease in colon CSC formation, suggesting that besides reducing colonic inflammation, DAR has a direct effect on the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION: Together, these data indicate that DAR-mediated IL-1ß suppression attenuates inflammation-induced colon cancer and CSC formation, highlighting DAR as a potential candidate for the chemoprevention of CAC.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the short-form food frequency questionnaire for pregnancy into Brazilian portuguese / Tradução e adaptação cultural da versão curta do questionário de frequência alimentar para gestantes em português do Brasil

Abstract Objective To translate and culturally adapt the short-formFood Frequency Questionnaire (SFFFQ) for pregnant women, which contains 24 questions, into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Description of the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the SFFFQ into Brazilian Portuguese. The present study followed the recommendation of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research for translation and cultural adaptation with the following steps: 1) preparation; 2) first translation; 3) reconciliation; 4) back translation; 5) revision of back translation; 6) harmonization; 7) cognitive debriefing; 8) revision of debriefing results; 9) syntax and orthographic revision; and 10) final report. Five obstetricians, five dietitians and five pregnant women were interviewed to contribute with the language content of the SFFFQ. Results Few changes were made to the SFFFQ compared with the original version. These changes were discussed with the research team, and differences in language were adapted to suit all regions of Brazil. Conclusion The SFFFQ translated to Brazilian Portuguese can now be validated for use in the Brazilian population.

Resumo Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente, para o português do Brasil, a versão curta do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (VCQFA), que contém 24 questões, voltado para gestantes brasileiras. Métodos Este estudo descreve o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do VCQFA para o Português do Brasil. Este estudo seguiu as diretrizes da Sociedade Internacional para Farmacoeconomia e Pesquisa de Resultados para tradução e adaptação cultural, e foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: 1) preparação; 2) primeira tradução; 3) reconciliação; 4) tradução retrógrada; 5) revisão da tradução retrógrada; 6) harmonização; 7) discussão cognitiva; 8) análise dos resultados do desdobramento; 9) revisão de sintaxe e ortografia; e 10) relatório final. Cinco obstetras, cinco nutricionistas e cinco gestantes foram entrevistadas para contribuírem com o conteúdo de linguagem do VCQFA. Resultados Poucas mudanças foram realizadas no VCQFA em comparação com a versão original. Essas mudanças foram discutidas com a equipe de pesquisa, e as diferenças de linguagem foram adaptadas para que o questionário seja adequado a todas as regiões do Brasil. Conclusão A versão traduzida do VCQFA para o português do Brasil pode ser validada para a população brasileira.

Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire for Pregnancy into Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the short-form Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFFQ) for pregnant women, which contains 24 questions, into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: Description of the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the SFFFQ into Brazilian Portuguese. The present study followed the recommendation of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research for translation and cultural adaptation with the following steps: 1) preparation; 2) first translation; 3) reconciliation; 4) back translation; 5) revision of back translation; 6) harmonization; 7) cognitive debriefing; 8) revision of debriefing results; 9) syntax and orthographic revision; and 10) final report. Five obstetricians, five dietitians and five pregnant women were interviewed to contribute with the language content of the SFFFQ. RESULTS: Few changes were made to the SFFFQ compared with the original version. These changes were discussed with the research team, and differences in language were adapted to suit all regions of Brazil. CONCLUSION: The SFFFQ translated to Brazilian Portuguese can now be validated for use in the Brazilian population.

OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente, para o português do Brasil, a versão curta do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (VCQFA), que contém 24 questões, voltado para gestantes brasileiras. MéTODOS: Este estudo descreve o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do VCQFA para o Português do Brasil. Este estudo seguiu as diretrizes da Sociedade Internacional para Farmacoeconomia e Pesquisa de Resultados para tradução e adaptação cultural, e foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: 1) preparação; 2) primeira tradução; 3) reconciliação; 4) tradução retrógrada; 5) revisão da tradução retrógrada; 6) harmonização; 7) discussão cognitiva; 8) análise dos resultados do desdobramento; 9) revisão de sintaxe e ortografia; e 10) relatório final. Cinco obstetras, cinco nutricionistas e cinco gestantes foram entrevistadas para contribuírem com o conteúdo de linguagem do VCQFA. RESULTADOS: Poucas mudanças foram realizadas no VCQFA em comparação com a versão original. Essas mudanças foram discutidas com a equipe de pesquisa, e as diferenças de linguagem foram adaptadas para que o questionário seja adequado a todas as regiões do Brasil. CONCLUSãO: A versão traduzida do VCQFA para o português do Brasil pode ser validada para a população brasileira.