[Prevalence and clinical aspects when it comes to the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and celiac disease]. / Prevalência e aspectos clínicos da associação de diabetes melito tipo 1 e doença celíaca.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and celiac disease association and to verify the existence of celiac disease symptoms, as well as the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases among the patients, their first-degree relatives and the possible influences of celiac disease in diabetes control. METHODS: It was done a cross-sectional study with 195 patients that answered a questionnaire about gastrointestinal symptoms and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in their first-degree relatives. IgA was measured and antiendomysial antibody (EMA) was screened. The patients with positive EMA were submitted to intestinal biopsy. Those with celiac disease confirmed by biopsy (case group) were paired with DM1 patients without celiac disease (control group) according to age on diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration and gender. RESULTS: EMA was positive in nine patients. In seven of them the biopsy has confirmed celiac disease (4.0%). Comparing the cases with controls, the gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more frequent in the first group, but there was no difference between the groups regarding to the occurrence of autoimmune disease among the first-degree relatives and regarding to the control of diabetes (z weight, z height, insulin dose, HbA1c). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence found was 4.0%. This sample of celiac patients showed a predominance of gastrointestinal symptoms, although the celiac disease did not influence the diabetes control.

Prevalência e aspectos clínicos da associação de diabetes melito tipo 1 e doença celíaca / Prevalence and clinical aspects when it comes to the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and celiac disease

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a prevalência da associação entre diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) e doença celíaca (DC) e a presença de sintomas da DC, a ocorrência de outras doenças auto-imunes entre os pacientes e seus parentes de primeiro grau e as possíveis influências da DC no controle do diabetes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 195 pacientes com DM1, que responderam ao questionário sobre a presença de sintomas gastrintestinais e a ocorrência de doenças auto-imunes em familiares. Foi dosada a IgA sérica e pesquisado o anticorpo antiendomísio (EMA). Os pacientes com EMA positivo foram submetidos à biópsia intestinal. Aqueles com DC confirmada por biópsia (grupo-casos) foram pareados com os pacientes apenas diabéticos (grupo-controle), de acordo com a idade ao diagnóstico de diabetes, o tempo de duração da doença e o gênero. RESULTADOS: O EMA foi positivo em nove pacientes. Em sete a biópsia confirmou DC (prevalência de 4 por cento). No pareamento de casos (DM1 e DC) e controles (somente DM1), os sintomas gastrintestinais foram significativamente mais freqüentes no grupo casos, não sendo observada diferença com a ocorrência de doenças auto-imunes entre os parentes de primeiro grau e com o controle do diabetes (z peso, z estatura, dose de insulina e HbA1c). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de DC neste grupo de pacientes com DM1 foi de 4 por cento. A amostra de pacientes celíacos apresentou predomínio de sintomas gastrintestinais, porém a presença de DC não interferiu no controle do diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and celiac disease association and to verify the existence of celiac disease symptoms, as well as the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases among the patients, their first-degree relatives and the possible influences of celiac disease in diabetes control. METHODS: It was done a cross-sectional study with 195 patients that answered a questionnaire about gastrointestinal symptoms and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in their first-degree relatives. IgA was measured and antiendomysial antibody (EMA) was screened. The patients with positive EMA were submitted to intestinal biopsy. Those with celiac disease confirmed by biopsy (case group) were paired with DM1 patients without celiac disease (control group) according to age on diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration and gender. RESULTS: EMA was positive in nine patients. In seven of them the biopsy has confirmed celiac disease (4.0 percent). Comparing the cases with controls, the gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more frequent in the first group, but there was no difference between the groups regarding to the occurrence of autoimmune disease among the first-degree relatives and regarding to the control of diabetes (z weight, z height, insulin dose, HbA1c). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence found was 4.0 percent. This sample of celiac patients showed a predominance of gastrointestinal symptoms, although the celiac disease did not influence the diabetes control.

[Growth and body composition in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Crescimento e composição corporal de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth and body composition of pre-pubertal diabetic children, and to check for influence of the age of diabetes onset and length, sex, insulin requirement and glycosylated hemoglobin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 59 diabetic children (39 M; 29 F), age 1.2-11.5 years, and 67 controls (36 M; 31 F), age 1.2-11.7 years were included. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, skin folds, fat mass and muscle areas were evaluated and transformed into standard deviation scores (SDS). RESULTS: Among the diabetic children the mean height SDS was -0.13 (+/- 0.97) while in the control group it was 0.28 (+/- 0.86) (p= 0.013). The difference between the first and the current height SDS showed that the height SDS decreased significantly (p< 0.001) and multiple regression analysis indicated correlation with the duration of the disease. The mean arm fat SDS also revealed difference (p< 0.001). The means for weight, BMI, addition of 3 skinfolds and muscle mass did not demonstrate difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The diabetic children showed reduction of height SDS during the period studied and they were significantly shorter than the controls, even though their statures were within the population standards. The arm fat area also showed an increase in relation with the controls.

Crescimento e composição corporal de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Growth and body composition in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o crescimento e a composição corporal de diabéticos tipo 1, pré-púberes, em relação à idade de início e tempo da doença, sexo, dose de insulina e hemoglobina glicada média. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas no estudo 59 crianças diabéticas (30 M; 29 F), entre 1,2 e 11,5 anos, e 67 controles (36 M; 31 F), entre 1,2 e 11,7 anos. Peso, altura, IMC, perímetro braquial, pregas cutâneas e áreas de massa gorda e muscular braquial foram avaliados e transformados em escore z. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que entre os diabéticos a média de escore z de altura foi -0,13 (± 0,97), enquanto no grupo controle foi de 0,28 (± 0,86) (p= 0,013). A diferença entre os escores de altura inicial e atual mostrou perda estatural (p< 0,001) e a análise multivariada demonstrou associação com tempo de doença. Também observou-se diferença na área de gordura braquial (p< 0,001). As médias de escore z de peso, IMC, soma de 3 dobras e área muscular braquial não diferiram entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: As crianças diabéticas apresentaram perda de estatura durante o período de acompanhamento e eram significativamente mais baixas que os controles, embora suas alturas ainda estivessem dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Também mostraram área de gordura braquial aumentada em relação aos controles.

Crescimento puberal e altura final em 40 pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Pubertal growth and final height in 40 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

OBJETIVO: O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é a mais importante doença endócrino-metabólica crônica entre crianças e adolescentes, podendo ser causa de atraso do crescimento e da puberdade. Avaliamos a influência do DM1 no estirão de crescimento e na puberdade de indivíduos com doença iniciada antes ou no começo desta fase. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 40 pacientes (25 meninas), que apresentavam altura final, com coleta dos dados para o cálculo do tempo total de doença, os escores de DP da altura e do peso a cada consulta, a altura-alvo parental, as velocidades de crescimento (VC) anuais, o pico do estirão de crescimento, a duração da puberdade, o ganho total de crescimento durante o estirão puberal e a hemoglobina glicada (HbG). RESULTADOS: Em relação à adequação da altura final para a altura-alvo parental, 37 pacientes ficaram dentro da previsão e 3 ficaram abaixo do limite inferior. Não houve associação entre as variáveis analisadas com exceção da VC no pico do estirão, quando esta foi menor ou igual a 6cm/ano. A idade de início do DM1 e do pico do estirão puberal coincidiram com a faixa etária descrita na literatura; não foi observado atraso na idade de início da puberdade. No entanto, o ganho de altura durante a puberdade foi menor que o descrito na literatura, o mesmo ocorrendo em relação ao pico de VC puberal. De acordo com os valores da HbG, todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram um controle crônico ruim do DM1. CONCLUSÕES: Neste grupo de DM1 com controle inadequado da doença, houve um prejuízo na altura final em relação à altura do início do DM1, provavelmente causado por uma baixa VC durante a puberdade, que, no entanto, não teve influência na altura final em relação ao alvo parental.

[Pubertal growth and final height in 40 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Crescimento puberal e altura final em 40 pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1.

OBJECTIVE: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), the most important chronic endocrine-metabolic disease in children and adolescents, may lead to delayed growth and puberty. In this study we analyzed the influence of DM1 on growth spurt and puberty of patients whose onset of the disease was before or at the beginning of this phase. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 40 patients, 25 females, who had attained final height were retrospectively obtained, including duration of disease, patient's height and weight SDS at each consultation, parental target height, yearly growth velocities (GV), peak of growth spurt, duration of puberty, magnitude of growth spurt and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. RESULTS: 37 patients had an adequate final height to parental target height, and only 3 were below the lower limit. There was no significant association among the variables and the appropriate final height to the target height, except for GV on growth spurt, when it was lower than or equal to 6 cm/year. The age of onset of DM1 and the age of peak of growth spurt was similar to previously data reported; regarding the age of the onset of puberty, there was no delay. However, the magnitude of the growth spurt and the peak of GV were lower. According to HbA1C levels, all patients exhibited a bad chronic control of DM1. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of inadequately controlled patients, the final height was lower than expected when compared to the height at onset of DM1, probably due to a slow GV during puberty, which however had no influence on the final height to parental target height.