La Revista Broteria, los jesuitas naturalistas y Gonçalo Sampaio. Intercambio de plantas e ideas y el desarrollo de la botánica en Portugal / The Journal Broteria, Jesuits Botanists and Gonçalo Sampaio. Exchange of plants and ideas and the development of the botany in Portugal

La revista Broteria recorrió un largo camino, desde su fundación en 1902, hasta mediados de la década de 1920, cuando se consolida como una de las mejores revistas de historia natural y una voz de la renovación de las Ciencias Naturales en Portugal. El éxito de Broteria se debió, principalmente, a las notables calidades de sus fundadores y principales redactores: capacidad de trabajo, nivel intelectual y perseverancia; capacidad para establecer una red de naturalistas que les enviaban colecciones biológicas de regiones mal conocidas; capacidad de adaptación en el exilio continuando su trabajo y enfocando sus estudios en la historia natural del país de exilio. La manutención, en regular funcionamiento, de sus colegios y la apertura a la colaboración de naturalistas no jesuitas, especialmente a los botánicos de Oporto, también contribuyeron al éxito de Broteria. Los documentos epistolares tratadosen este trabajo demuestran que A. Luisier, J.S. Tavares, y G. Sampaio lideraron una red de jesuitas naturalistas y botánicos de Oporto, que intercambiaron plantas e ideas. Este intercambio fue determinante en el estudio de la flora de musgos y plantas vasculares portuguesas y el progreso de los Herbarios de los colegios jesuitas y de la Academia Politécnica de Oporto (AU)

The journal Broteria has covered a long path, since its foundation in 1902 until the mid 20’s, when it stands as one of the best journals of natural history and a voice of the renewal of the natural sciences in Portugal. Broteria’s success was due, mainly, to the remarkable qualities of its founders and main editors: their working capacity, intellectual standards and perseverance as well as the ability to establish a network of naturalists who sent them biological collections from remote regions and the ability to adapt to exile, while continuing to work and focusing their studies on the natural history of the exile country. The maintenance, in regular functioning, of their schools, and the opening to the collaboration of non Jesuit naturalists, such as the botanists from Oporto, also contributed to the success of Broteria (AU)

The ability of biological and organic synthetic materials to accumulate atmospheric particulates containing copper, lead, nickel and strontium.

This work was aimed at finding materials that could be used as alternatives to lichens as air quality monitors since the high natural variability and the large amount of lichen collected are two drawbacks of the use of these organisms. Lichen Flavoparmelia caperata(L.) Hale was exposed in three different forms (transplant, detached from the substratum and as a biomass-ground and homogeneized) and compared to the planetree bark (Platanus hybrida Brot.), exposed as a biomass, and two organic synthetic materials (Chelex(R) 100 resin and cellulose acetate). Materials were exposed for two months in the winter, spring and summer, at three Portuguese coastal cities. The results showed that the airborne accumulations of Cu, Ni, Pb and Sr were partially dependent on the meteorological conditions but mainly dependent on the nature of the exposed material. The standard deviations of the synthetic materials or homogenized biomass were the same or greater than lichen transplants or detached. The accumulation by biological materials, of the four studied elements, was comparable to the lichen transplant accumulation. The replacement of the traditional transplants by the biomass was not considered advantageous, since their preparation is time-consuming. Therefore lichens remain the most suitable in biomonitoring studies. The exposure of detached lichen allows the accurate measurement of the exposed area/volume so it can be useful to relate atmospheric deposition rates with the lichen metal content. The synthetic materials accumulated Cu and Ni and should only be used as an alternative to traditional transplants when these are the elements of interest.